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PROPERTIES OF WATER. Water is Polar. Water is a polar molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of charge Water has a slight negative charge near the oxygen and slight positive charge near the hydrogen atoms. Water forms hydrogen bonds.
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Water is Polar • Water is a polar molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of charge • Water has a slight negative charge near the oxygen and slight positive charge near the hydrogen atoms.
Water forms hydrogen bonds • Because they are polar, water molecules are attracted to each other. • The negative oxygen is attracted to the positive hydrogen • Many of water’s special properties come from its ability to form hydrogen bonds
Adhesion & Cohesion • Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance. • Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances.
Surface Tension • Cohesion can cause surface tension. • Since the water doesn’t have to bond with anything “above it’ those bonds are stronger and the water skeeter can walk on it
Capillary Action • Adhesion can causes capillary action • Water can get pulled up small tubes, like the veins of plants
Water expands as it freezes • Ice is less dense • Hydrogen bonds push water molecules further apart from each other • Ice floats on water • Protects organisms underneath • Acts like insulation
The Universal Solvent • Water can disassemble and rearrange other molecules
High Heat Capacity • Water can absorb & release large amounts of energy without changing temperature • Keeps cells at even temperatures • Stabilizes global temperature • Evaporative cooling • “Specific heat”