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Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets

Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets. Nanotechnology Simple Machines. These three power train elements transfer energy through rotary motion. Gears, Pulleys, & Sprockets. Change the speed of rotation Change the direction of rotation Change the amount of torque available to do work. Gears.

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Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets

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  1. Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets

  2. Nanotechnology Simple Machines

  3. These three power train elements transfer energy through rotary motion. Gears, Pulleys, & Sprockets Change the speed of rotation Change the direction of rotation Change the amount of torque available to do work

  4. Gears A gear train is a mechanism used for transmitting rotary motion and torque through interlocking teeth. A gear train is made when two or more gears are meshed Driver gear causes motion Motion is transferred to the driven gear

  5. Gears Mating gears always turn in opposite directions. An Idler Gear allows the driver and driven gears to rotate in the same direction. Mating gears always have the same size teeth (diametric pitch).

  6. Gears The rpm of the larger gear is always slower than the rpm of the smaller gear. Gears locked together on the same shaft will always turn in the same direction and at the same rpm.

  7. Gear Ratios Variables to know n = number of teeth d = diameter w = angular velocity (speed) t = torque ** Subscripts in and out are used to distinguish between gears ** 4” nout = dout = wout = tout = 12 4in. 20rpm 80 ft-lb nin= din = win = tin = 6 2in. 40rpm 40 ft-lb

  8. Gear Ratios Equations to know GR = Gear Ratio

  9. Gear Ratios What is the gear ratio between gear A and B? What is the gear ratio between gear B and C? What is the gear ratio between gear C and D?

  10. Gear Ratios Idler gears don’t affect GR! What is the TOTAL gear train gear ratio? If gear A and D were directly connected to each other, what would the resulting gear ratio be? What would the total gear ratio be if the last gear had 40 teeth? or

  11. Example Compound Machine • Here are 3 mechanisms • in series: • #1 Wheel-axle • #2 Gear train • #3 Wheel-axle

  12. Gear Ratios – Compound Machines • Used similarly to MA • Applies to torque instead of force • In a compound machine, total MA and GR are products of components • MA used only to calculate forces, not torques. • GR used only to calculate torques, not forces.

  13. Example Compound Machine • Mechanism #1: Wheel-axle

  14. Example Compound Machine • Mechanism #2: Gear train

  15. Example Compound Machine • Mechanism #3: Wheel-axle

  16. Example Compound Machine

  17. Example Compound Machine

  18. Compound Gear Train Driver The two middle gears share a common axle, so they rotate at the same speed. This allows the final gear to rotate slower and produce more torque than if it were connected only to the driver gear.

  19. Compound Gear Ratios D B A C 10 T 20 T What is the gear ratio between gear A and B? 40 T 50 T What is the gear ratio between gear C and D? What is the gear ratio of the entire gear train?

  20. Pulley and Belt Systems out in 2in. Equations d = diameter ω = angular velocity (speed) t = torque

  21. 3in. 1.5in. in out Sprocket and Chain Systems 45rpm 60 ft-lb 90rpm 120 ft-lb n = number of teeth d = diameter ω = angular velocity (speed) τ = torque

  22. Because both gears use the same chain and have teeth of the same size, you can count the number of teeth to find the IMA, as follows.

  23. Shifting gears on a bicycle is a way of adjusting the ratio of gear radii to obtain the desired IMA. • If the pedal of a bicycle is at the top or bottom of its circle, no matter how much downward force you exert, the pedal will not turn.

  24. On a multi-gear bicycle, the rider can change the MA of the machine by choosing the size of one or both gears. • When accelerating or climbing a hill, the rider increases the ideal mechanical advantage to increase the force that the wheel exerts on the road.

  25. To increase the IMA, the rider needs to make the rear gear radius large compared to the front gear radius. • For the same force exerted by the rider, a larger force is exerted by the wheel on the road. However, the rider must rotate the pedals through more turns for each revolution of the wheel.

  26. On the other hand, less force is needed to ride the bicycle at high speed on a level road. • An automobile transmission works in the same way. To accelerate a car from rest, large forces are needed and the transmission increases the IMA.

  27. At high speeds, however, the transmission reduces the IMA because smaller forces are needed. • Even though the speedometer shows a high speed, the tachometer indicates the engine’s low angular speed.

  28. Comparing Pulleys and Sprockets

  29. Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved January 15, 2008, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx Image Resources

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