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Ehaab Abdou Chairperson Nahdet El Mahrousa Federation of Egyptian Youth NGOs Namaa Summer School

Mapping of the Egyptian NGO sector: with a special focus on youth-led NGOs and efforts in this field. Ehaab Abdou Chairperson Nahdet El Mahrousa Federation of Egyptian Youth NGOs Namaa Summer School 3 July 2007. Outline. Introduction 1. Egypt Development Scene: Institutional Map

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Ehaab Abdou Chairperson Nahdet El Mahrousa Federation of Egyptian Youth NGOs Namaa Summer School

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  1. Mapping of the Egyptian NGO sector:with a special focus on youth-led NGOs and efforts in this field Ehaab Abdou Chairperson Nahdet El Mahrousa Federation of Egyptian Youth NGOs Namaa Summer School 3 July 2007

  2. Outline • Introduction • 1. Egypt Development Scene: Institutional Map • 2. Overview of the youth-led civil society • Conclusions & reflections

  3. 1. Egypt Development Scene: Institutional Map

  4. NGOs / Civil Society Government Business

  5. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: Actors and Relationships Not necessarily present or continuous NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  6. One-by-one: Actors & Relationships

  7. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: Government Institutions Relatively weak & not necessarily present NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government Institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  8. Government institutions 1. Regulatory and Supervisory: • Ministry of Social Solidarity (formerly MISA) • National Federation of NGOs • Ministry of International Cooperation (ultimate umbrella for foreign aid to Egypt) • Ministry of Foreign Affairs (registration required for some international organizations like Islamic Relief, etc) • Sector-specific: e.g. National Youth Council 2. Executive role: • Ministry of Industry –e.g. EU-funded “Industrial Modernization Program” • Ministry of Education – e.g. Education Reform projects (USAID/EU) • Ministry of local communities development Combining both roles: • Generally: Ministry of Awaqf • Sector-specific: e.g. National Council for Women

  9. Mass Media • Newspapers: • No Civil Society specialized pages • Attempt by Al-Ahram in Economic supplement • TV: • Subject-specific awareness campaigns: • Agricultural extension work “serr el ard” • Female Genital Mutilation • Bilharzias • Few Development and success model-related programs: • Nile Culture Channel

  10. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: NGOs/CSOs Not necessarily present or continuous NGOs/CSOs (not-for-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  11. Types of NGOs – by Geography • Local NGOs • Local community- (Community Development Association) or nation-wide • Management: Old and Modern styles Volunteers vs professionals on payroll • Umbrella federations (regional or by sector) • International NGOs • COSPE, CARE, CRS, IBLF, Red Cross, ICA, Suzanne Mubarak Women Movement for International Peace, etc • Regional NGOs • ABC – Arab Business Council, Young Arab Leaders, ERF, Arab Reform Forum (Library of Alexandria)

  12. Area of work of NGOs • Charity • Socio-economic development • Networking • Advocacy and awareness building • What else?

  13. NGO vs. Foundation • Law 84 makes provisions for that with subtle differences • Grants-making • Fields of work/operation • General assembly • Minimum start-up capital • Number of founders, etc

  14. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: Development Companies Relatively weak & not necessarily present NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  15. Development Companies • For-profit private sector consulting companies: • Local: • E.g.: EQI, CID, etc • International (mainly: US and Europe HQ) • E.g.: DAI, Chemonix Int’l, RTI, etc

  16. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: Financiers Relatively weak & not necessarily present NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  17. Financiers of development:1. Individual giving • very large amounts • mostly to charity vs. development (CDS/Ford Study)

  18. Financiers of development:2. International Donor Assistance organizations: • Bilateral (to gov’t and NGOs): • USAID, DANIDA, JICA, etc • In cases, separate technical assistance and financing arms (KfW & GTZ or JICA and Japanese Embassy NGO prog) • Multilateral (mostly to gov’t): • World Bank • African Development Bank (AfDB) • Islamic Development Bank • International Monetary Fund (also along with WB referred to as Bretton Woods institutions) • European Union • Social Fund for Development (initial seed money international) • UN: • coordinating role/TA and minimal funding) includes (WHO, FAO, ILO, UNDP, etc • Arab and Islamic Development Assistance: • Arab Fund Social and Economic Development, BADEA, etc) • Arab League (coordinating role/TA and minimal funding) • Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) • Recent development Note: • Better Coordination hoped through Donor Assistance Group (DAG) • On-going Assistance (could stop for different reasons), one-time amount (Egyptian-Swiss Fund for Debt Swap)

  19. Financers of development3. Foundations/Funds: • International Family foundations: • Ford Foundation, Soros/OSI, Aga Khan Foundation • International and foundations/Funds : • E.g.: German Foundations: Friedrich Nauman, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung , (affiliated to certain political parties/movements like Greens) • Rotary • Ashoka Foundation – business approach to development and social entrepreneurship • Egyptian-American Community Fund (New trends) • The Egyptian Al-Amal Project(New trends) • Regional foundations: • E.g.: El Mawred for arts and culture • Safar Fund • Naseej Fund (both with initial Ford Foundation funds) • Local Family foundations: • E.g.: Sawiris, El Sewedy, Farid Khamees,

  20. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: Private Sector Relatively weak & not necessarily present NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  21. Types of Private sector involvement: Option 1: PR budget item: • Out of Public Relations budget line item (in-kind, or financial donations) – e.g. Nestle Option 2: In-house programs: • Special Corporate “giving” programs: • Support to NGOs and charity activities • Company-managed development programs: • Scholarships • Intilaqah for SMEs (Shell Egypt) • Business plan competition (AAIB) • Education initiative (Microsoft), IT Clubs (Intel) • CSR manager at least in place • Corporate volunteerism: • Injaz- Save the Children • One-day activities by staff: orphanages, etc Option 3: Corporate Foundations: • E.g.: Vodafone foundation (as a separate legal entity) • AAIB (We Owe It To Egypt Foundation)

  22. Strong continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development landscape:Technical Assist. Organizations Relatively weak & not necessarily present NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  23. Technical Assistance organizations • Training and Capacity Building: • E.g.: Egyptian NGO Center (NGO Service Center formerly) • Gerhart Center for Philanthropy and Civic Engagement- AUC – esp. philanthropists to organize their giving • Volunteer Mobilization: • E.g.: Egyptian Volunteer Center – YAPD www.yapd.org.eg • Networking and information access: • UNDP umbrella support: Community development portals: Kenanaonline www.kenanaonline.com , fekr zad, etc • InfoMall: www.arabinfomall.com • Center for Development Services: • 2nd largest development library after USAID- open to public • Important role in arabizing concepts like PRA translations, etc

  24. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map:Educational/Research Institut. Relatively weak & not necessarily present NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  25. Educational/Research institutions • Think tanks and research centers: • University-based • Independent (Egyptian Economic , Economic Research Forum, • Semi-governmental: Al-Ahram Strategic Center for, IDSC Future Studies Center • Degrees: • Masters AUC- Professional Development • Cairo University: Diploma NGO Management, Diploma Civil Society • Universities: • Cairo University: • FEPS: Civil society Diploma • Helwan Univ – SME Support • Ain Shams- Environmental products, etc • AUC – Office of Student Development- Service Learning Program • Canadian International College • Research: • FEPS- Center for Political Research and Studies (Civil Society training, etc) • Social research center- AUC • Student-activities beyond campuses: • AUC - Alashanek ya Balady • C.U.- Resala • Student development activities: • Conference and International Organization Models • Faculty of Engineering (STEP, Ishraq, etc)

  26. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map: Syndicates/Political parties Not necessarily present or continuous NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financiers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  27. Syndicates and Political Parties • Political Parties: • Minimal • Syndicates: • Advocacy • Charity-members support • Religious services • Other roles?

  28. Strong, continuous & necessary relationship Egypt Development Map:Religious Institutions Not necessarily present or continuous NGOs/CSOs (non-profit) Financers of Development (donors, private sector, etc) Development Companies Government institutions (ministries) includes Media Religious institutions Technical Assistance organizations Educational/research institutions Private sector (CSR programs) Syndicates/ Political parties

  29. Religious institutions • Very influential and inspiring to charity • recent trend towards development e.g. Sona’ El Hayah (Amr Khaled) • Mostly charity, few development activities: • Zakat committees in Mosques • Sunday Schools in Churches • Note: • Development Initiatives use religious institutions to spread awareness and development messages

  30. 2. Overview of the Egyptian youth-led civil society

  31. background • Definition (youth-led) • NGOs not the whole civil society (so no AGEG!). so this might neglect a lot of efforts • A very small percentage of Egyptian youth affiliated to any of those NGOs vs. movements like Muslim Brotherhood or NDP, for obvious reasons. • Very difficult to lump and use a terminology like “youth NGOs” • It is not in comparison to other sectors. May be other sectors like affluent women and businessmen too are rising.

  32. Recent trends • 1990s-today: • Local NGOs: Starting especially late 1990s and early 2000 there have been several youth NGOs setting up: Fat’het Kheir, Meshwar, EYBA, EBF, etc.. • Global NGOs taking roots locally: • Rotaract (as part of Rotary), AIESEC, LIONS, etc. Recently, YES, TakingITGlobal, Pioneers of Change. • Studies interest: • Trend: Recently several studies commissioned by Population Council, Ford Foundation on studying youth NGOs. • Interest to gather them and know more: • Recently, Goethe and Swedish Institute of Alex working on youth-policy and research conferences this summer.

  33. Various formats • Management: Very different in funding and policies also: EJB a full paid structure vs FK volunteer-based with minimal management structure. • Funding: FK being totally locally funded vs. EBF CIPE USAID vs YAPD from Ministry of Youth, etc.

  34. المجتمع المدنى الشاب وأهم أهدافه ونشاطاته Mapping of active youth-led civil society work in Egypt (first draft) (EJB) جمعية شباب الأعمال علشانك يا بلدى جمعية شباب الحالمون بالغد جمعية مشوار لتنمية المجتمع فاتحة خير EYBAجمعية شباب المصرفيين EJBجمعية شباب الأعمال Univ-based: SIFE, STEP, AIESEC PTP (Pen Temple Pilots) رسالة للأعمال الخيرية (AGTBE) جمعية الخريجين المصريين من الجامعات البريطانية Sahara Safarists جمعية صٌناع الحياة جمعية الشباب للسكان والتنمية Egypt Photography الحملة المصرية لمناهضة العولمة Anti-Globalization Egypt (AGEG) جمعيات الكنائس وجمعيات الشبان المسلمين أو المسيحيين وغيرها رابطات خريجى المدارس و الجامعات Taking IT Global Egypt روتاراكت وروتارى – LIONS

  35. Main areas of work • Members’ Networking (and some social work) • Charity (religious-driven) • Charity (non-religious driven) • Cultural dialogue and exchanges (AIESEC, DNB, Waseela-Euro-med programs) • Socio/economic development, awareness, civic engagement • Policy reform and advocacy • Special Interests • Human Rights • Student serving or charity university-based groups

  36. Reflections & conclusions

  37. From this analysis and with all those institutions, what would you say the key missing component(s) necessary for Egypt’s development are? • More of what? • Less of what? • Continuing of what? • The relationships? • Are there missing organizations/institutions? • Are all actors as involved as each other? • How is the power structure designed? • Is there a fair sharing of power? • Is there enough of all actors? • Which do you think are the institutions that can lead the way towards development? • Again: what or who is missing in the Map?

  38. 3. Trends in youth development efforts

  39. الفرص والمؤشرات الايجابية • زيادة فى وعى الشباب عامة واهتمام بالمساهمة الايجابية • زيادة فى عدد الجمعيات التى أسسها شباب منذ بداية 1990 • تنسيق أفضل من خلال مبادرات مثل: • الاتحاد النوعى لجمعيات الشباب • زيادة الاهتمام من الحكومات: • السياسات والاستراتيجيات الوطنية للشباب • انشاء مجالس ووزارات قومية للشباب (المجلس القومى للشباب فى مصر)

  40. زيادة الاهتمام والدعم من مؤسسات غيرحكومية هيئات دولية إقليميا : • مؤسسات: • مكتبة الاسكندرية • مؤسسة Anna Lindh • جامعة الدول العربية (مشروع تمكين الشباب العربى) • القيادات العربية الشابة YAL • مشروعات: • Save The Children • صندوق سفر لتبادل الشباب العربى • صندوق نسيج • مشروع Siraj with USAID

  41. التحديات • أهم المعوقات: (دراسة الشباب العربى فى الجمعيات الاهلية: الفرص والمعوقات- عبير أمين فريد - الأردن، البحرين، سوريا، فلسطين، لبنان ومصر)- • عدم توافر المقر ومستلزماته بنسبة 25% • عدم معرفة السبل القانونية 21% • عدم توافر التمويل المؤسسى اللازم 21% • عدم توافر المهارات الفنية المطلوبة للادارة - 12% • ملحوظة هامة: • 11% فقط من الشباب المنخرط فى المجتمع المدنى ينتمى للمستوى الاقتصادى الاجتماعى المنخفض

  42. تحديات أخرى • عدم وجود فكر الاستدامة • الهواية وعدم الاحتراف • معظم المبادرات لا تصل للشباب المهمش والفقير

  43. خارطة تنمية الشباب مؤسسات تمويلية (الأمم المتحدة و مؤسساتها الجهات المانحة قطاع الأعمال (برامج المسئولية الاجتماععية) جمعيات لتنمية الشباب لا يقودها شباب وزارات أخرى وزارة الصناعة (مركز تحديث الصناعة) وزارة التعليم وزارة القوى العاملة المجلس القومى للشباب جمعيات لتنمية الشباب يقودها شباب الاعلام (برامج تلفزيون، راديو، صحافة)

  44. جهود لوضع سياسات للشباب

  45. استراتيجية وطنية للشباب: • عربى • http://www.ndp.org.eg/ar/conferances/2nd_conf/papers/youth.aspx • Draft National Youth Policy: English: • http://www.ndp.org.eg/en/Policies/NationalYouthPolicy.aspx

  46. Thank you!

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