LICEO SCIENTIFICO “LE FILANDIERE”

1. LICEO SCIENTIFICO “LE FILANDIERE” CLASS 2ND B presents... With English teacher Gnesutta & Biology teacher D’angela BIODIVERSITY

2. ANABAENA By David Bottan Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae. It is very important because it provides a model for the study of gene differentiation in the formation of heterocysts. Anabaena are heterocyst-forming, photoautotrophic cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Anabaena grow in long filaments of vegetative cells. It is also commonly accepted that cyanobacteria play a key role in the manufacturing of oxygen during the Precambrian period of Earth's history. An electron microscope image

3. Nostoc By Giacomo Castellarin Nostoc is a genus of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Often it forms colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath: they are called also “Spring foam” for this aspect. Nostoc can be found in soil, on moist rocks, at the bottom of lakes and springs (both fresh than salt water) and rarely in marine habitats. It may also grew symbiotically within the tissues of plants providing nitrogen to its host through the activity of differentiated cells known as heterocysts. These bacteria contain photosynthetic pigments in their cytoplasm to perform photosynthesis.

4. Spirogyra By Marco Cattaruzza Spirogyra is a genus of filamentous green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is diagnostic of the genus. It is commonly found in freshwater areas, and there are more than 400 species of Spirogyra in the world. Spirogyra measures approximately 10 to 100μm in width and may stretch centimeters long. This particular algal species in commonly found in polluted water. Spirogyra is unbranched with cylindrical cells connected end to end in long green filaments. The cell wall has two layers: the outer wall is composed of pectinthat dissolves in water to make the filament . The cytoplasm forms a thin lining between the cell wall and the large vacuole it surrounds. Pectin:polysaccharide

5. Mixed desmids: in details Miscrasterias This kind of desmid could be easily found in all the freshwater habits. It`s threatened by fertilizers. Tipicalli one-celled organism, Sometimes they gather in filamentous or colonial. Each organism is divided into two symmetrically halves. Each half of the cell contains a single chloroplast. It reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexually, it reproduces by a simple division. Sexually it reproduces either by nuclear materials exchange and by fusion of two organism to create a new one. Spores are rare. Made by Piero Cordenos Miscraterias, the one in the image, is one of the largest desmids that could be found (about one third of a millimeter).

6. Draparnaldia By Lucia Del Bianco Draparnaldia is a genus of algae of the family Chaetophoraceae. It’s an autotrophic and eucaryota organism. Draparnaldia is a green alga in which the filaments are formed in whorls around a central, branching thread. Usually it presents mucus material surrounding the filaments.

7. COLPIDIUM By Eleonora Giro Colpidium is an eukaryotic unicellular organism. It is a ciliated protozoan and it is free-living (it isn’t a parasite). Like the other ciliated organisms, it has a macronucleos and a micronucleos. Typically it is found at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 12 meters. It occurs in both freshwater and saltwater. There are two different types of Colpidium: Colpidiumcolpoda whose dimension may arrive to 150 μm and Colpidiumstriatum that is only 50 μm long. cilium nucleus

8. Chlamydomonas By Emanuele Milan Chlamydomonas is a genus of green alga, very common with 500 species in the genus .They are unicellular flagellates and can be found in fresh water and humus. Most species are obligate phototrophs but some  are heterotrophs can grow in the dark in the presence of acetate as a carbon source. Morphology: Chlamydomonas has often: • An oval shape. • Two flagella with contractile vacuoles on the base. • Pyrenoid with starch granule is present in the posterior end • of the chloroplast.

9. Paramaecium by Anna Moruzzi Paramecium is an unicellular organism of the group of Protozoa. In every cell there is a very large nucleus, the cytoplasm with all the organelles and the cell membrane covered with cilia that permit the Paramecium to move. The presence of these short filaments give the name of Ciliate to this group of Protista. Nucleus Cell Membrane Cilia Paramecia feed on bacteria: they are introduced into the cell through an opening in the Cell Membrane, called the Cytostome surrounded by cilia. Cytoplasm

10. Zygnema By Federica Nan 2b Zygnemaisaneukaryoticmicroorganism. It is an alga : plant-like microorganism. The Zygnema lives in colonies in still water. The cells have two cloroplasts with a star shape.

11. By Steven Petty Cladophora is one of the most common marine or fresh water chlorophytes in the northern Emisphere. It is always green. It contains many species that are very hard to tell apart and classify, mainly because of the great variation in their appearances, which is affected by habitat, age and environmental conditions The alga is attached to a solid substratum by rhyzoidal basal cells. It’s branching filaments are up to 30 cm long. Cladophora is interesting for several reasons: It has atipical growth The chloroplasts are net-shaped, containing numerous nuclei and pyrenoids, protein grains.

12. TRYPANOSOMA By Edoardo Piallini Trypanosomes are unicellular and heterotrophiccells. Trypanosomes are parasiticorganismswith a spindle-shaped body and a flagellum.

13. Diatoms By Matteo Roncadin Membrane Nucleus Dna (deoxyribonucleic acid)

14. Diatoms are protoctista and some ofthem are part of the marine plankton. Bilaterallysymmetricaldiatomsgrowattachedtodebries or to water plantsformingtreelikecolonies or slimymasses. Otherdiatoms live solitary or formribbonlikecolonies on the bottomof the water

15. Radiolare By Simone Schincariol Radiolarians (or radiolaria) are protozoa that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into inner and outer portions, called endoplasm and ectoplasm. They are found as zooplankton throughout the ocean and represent important fossil. They have many needle-like pseudopodia, with which they can move. The type of reproduction is asexual and the shell is divided into 2 parts between the daughter cells.

16. Ulothrix By Matto Sclippa General information: In taxonomy Ulothrix is a genus of algae.Ulothrix is a genus of filamentous green algae, generally found in fresh and marine water. Its cells are generally wider than long. This alga thrives in low temperatures of spring and winter. Structure: The central body is not branched and consists of filaments. The cells of the filaments are arranged in the end. They are rectangular or a little square. Reproduction: Reproduction in Ulothrix takes place by means of vegetative, asexual and sexual methods.

17. CHLORELLA The motile alga Chlorella is important in the food chain of the freshwater habitat, providing nutrition for a wide variety of micro organisms and filter feeders such as water fleas. By Ilaria Semenzato Chlorella is photographed in a mass of mucilage in which many hundreds of similar organisms were also embedded, and as such, members of one of the colonial varieties which have this form. Interestingly, each of the individuals is capable of making its way out of the containing matrix, undergoing elongation and living an independent existence.

18. Spirogyra By Laura Spinato • Spirogyra is a green-alga formed into simple filaments. • The wall cell has got two layers: the external layer is composed of cellulose, the internal one of pectina. • One of the most interesting characteristic of these organisms is the shape of their chloroplast that is ribbon -like and organized as a spiral. As all the green algae, the starch is accumulated in the chloroplasts. • The sexual reproduction is realized through the migration of gametes into cytoplasmatic bridges connected the cells while the asexual reproduction is realized through cellular mitosis and fragmentation of the filaments. • The Spirogyra is relatively very common in clean waters (eutrophyc water) and the cells primarily develop during spring.  

19. Spirogyra Spiral Intercellular bridge Nucleus

20. Ceratium hirundinella by Mattia Vadori Horns Nucleus Upper-part Lower-part The Ceratium hirundinella is a dinoflagellate. It’s an eukaryotic protist. Dinoflagellates use their flagella to move. It’s formed by two parts of armor-like cell wall divided. Each part has got horns: the upper-part only one, the lower one usualy three. It lives in marine habitat, it’s a free-living member of the plankton. It can be heterotroph or autotroph. When it’s autotroph, the cloropasts make it green or brown. Flagellum

21. PLANKTON By Giulio Zannier Plankton includes floating marine organisms, that are transported by currents and waves, like micro-organisms (unicellular algae, protozoa, etc...), multicellular algae, larvae, small animals (crustaceans) and jellyfish. The organisms forming plankton are different for size and shape and in the way of nutrition and use energy. They are present both in salt water and in fresh water such as lake and bogs. In the plankton there are two main groups of organisms: phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton The concentration of phytoplankton is mainly caused by light because its metabolism (autotrophic) is based on photosynthesis. In fact, the phytoplankton is more concentrated in the superior layers where the sunlight can pass through.  However, they reach the maximum density in a few meters below the sea surface because at that level the conditions for their development are the most favourable.

22. Zooplankton Instead you can find Zooplankton at different levels in the water because it is formed by heterotrophic organisms that don't use light for life. They can comprehend simple unicellular organism or more complex one like fish larvae.

23. PRESENTATION BY CLASS 2^B “LICEO SCIENTIFICO “LE FILANDIERE” SAN VITO AL TAGLIAMENTO THE END