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“Nation on the Brink” Part I

“Nation on the Brink” Part I. Origins of the American Civil War. Guiding Question :. Was the Coming of The American Civil War Inevitable? Why or Why not?. The Origins of the Conflict :. The Revolutionary Generation’s arguments were the beginning of sectional divisions: 1775-1820.

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“Nation on the Brink” Part I

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  1. “Nation on the Brink”Part I Origins of the American Civil War

  2. Guiding Question: Was the Coming of The American Civil War Inevitable? Why or Why not?

  3. The Origins of the Conflict: The Revolutionary Generation’s arguments were the beginning of sectional divisions: 1775-1820

  4. The Origins of the Conflict: States Rights vs. Strong National Government Slavery is on the Backburner

  5. The Origins of the Conflict: • Our first Government, The Articles of Confederation • Emphasized States Rights but was very weak

  6. The Origins of the Conflict: • The New Constitution gave more power to the National Government and Included a “Supremacy” Clause (National Laws are Supreme if there is a CONFLICT with state laws.) (Instructions on Cornell Notes)

  7. Activity Page 1 • After Video • Write a prediction • What happens between 1808 and 1855 That postpones the Civil War? 4-8 sentences Elbow partners can work together Henry Clay 3 minute pause Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

  8. The Missouri Compromise:The End of the Beginning • In the early Republic conflict emerges over how to decide if slavery allowed in U.S. territories. (EXPANSION ISSUE) Henry Clay 3 minute pause Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

  9. The Missouri Compromise:The End of the Beginning • 1820 Congress attempts to Resolve Issues • Line 36° 30’ Latitude divides US in Half • Divided territories into Slave and Free • Henry Clay wrote it (Speaker of the House) • Put off slavery issue until it collapsed due to Conflict between Slavery men and Free Soilers in Kansas Henry Clay 3 minute pause Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

  10. The Missouri Compromise:The End of the Beginning • 1820 Congress attempts to Resolve Issues • Line 36° 30’ Latitude divides US in Half • Divided territories into Slave and Free • Henry Clay wrote it (Speaker of the House) • Put off slavery issue until it collapsed due to Conflict between Slavery men and Free Soilers in Kansas Henry Clay 3 minute pause Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

  11. Debate: Who is qualified to be President? • Who elects the President? Average Joe Vs. The Elite • United States is Changing: Population Spreads South & West • Contested Election: No Majority So it Goes to the House of Representatives to Decide who is elected The Elections of 1824 and 1828:A Second Revolution? http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/candidate.html

  12. Four Men Split the Vote • 1.Andrew Jackson • 2. John Quincy Adams • 3. William Crawford • 4. Henry Clay • The Popular Will? Who gets Elected? John Quincy Adams • View of the People: This was a Corrupt Bargain • PowerNotes SO WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT FOR THE WAR? The Elections of 1824 and 1828:A Second Revolution? http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/candidate.html

  13. Andrew Jackson and The Power of the Presidency So what does Any of this have to Do with the Civil War Jackson Played a Major Role in creating the Modern Presidency http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/first_modern_president.html His actions led to many Issues which shaped and paved the Road to the Civil War: The Bank of the United States: To o much power outside Public accountability. Economic power outside the electoral process not acceptable http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/prophet.html The Tariff and States Rights: Slavery debated behind the cloak of States Rights , Taxes and Economics NOT morality are the issues to Jackson Indian Removal : Opened the West to White Settlement and Manifest Destiny Squashing the Abolitionist Movement http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/defender_union.html “I was Born for a storm and calm does not suit me.” Fill Out Power notes

  14. Nullification • : The Tariff and States Rights: The legal theory that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. • The theory is based on a view that the sovereign States formed the Union, • And as creators of the compact hold final authority regarding the limits of the power of the central government • Referred to as States Rights in numerous speeches and editorials http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/defender_union.html Mr. Nullification John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

  15. You Ought to be in Pictures • What is happening in this painting? • It is large with lots of elements • Divide it into sections to analyze • Central Figure: Does she look Familiar? • Right (East?) • Central • Left (West?) • Make a list of what you see and begin to think about what its purpose might be • Use the 5 Ws to help you

  16. Manifest Destiny • What does this phrase mean? • Frederick Jackson Turner “The Frontier in American History” Historian who wrote in the last half of the 19th century(Discuss his writings) • Results: -Conflicts with Native Americans - Texas and the Mexican War - “The Pig War” Conflict with Great Britain (June 15, 1865 San Juan Islands) • So What does it have to do with the Civil War? (Map Activity)

  17. War with Mexico • 1840s Period of unprecedented growth: US territorial size increases by 60% • Why? • Dreams of a Contiguous Nation • Want New Lands for Immigrants • Growing Slave Population • Lucrative Trade with Asia • Invention of the Telegraph • Opened Texas to foreign Immigrants 1823 • 1846-1848 Mr. Polk’s War begins • Many of the players for the Civil War present!! • Becomes a military LABORATORY and Workshop for the Commanders of both sides in the Civil War! http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/resources/video_library.html

  18. The Pig War: Conflict between Great Britain and The United States over Ownership of San Juan Island. The only casualty was a pigin a potato patch but George Pickett and some British Man-O-Wars almost got in a shooting match and Winfield Scott himself had to defuse the situation. In hindsight , it could have led to British recognition of the South in the Civil War.

  19. “Nation on the Brink”Part II Origins of the American Civil War

  20. The United States in 1850

  21. Parallel Societies *Use Vocab Squares • Urban vs. Rural • Agricultural vs. Industrial • Statistics tell us a lot • Types of Resources: *Resource Activity- LTPS a.Capitalb.Human Capital c.Natural • North vs. South: Ratios? 1. larger population (21.5 million, compared to 9 million), 2. more factories (110,100, compared to 20,600), 3. larger bank deposits ($207 million, compared to $47 million),4. more horses (4.2 million, compared to 1.7 million) *Graphing Homework

  22. Types of Resources • Merchant Marine • Wheat • Cattle • Shipyards • WestPoint Graduates • Food Production • Immigrants • Bank Stock • Value of Farm Land • Slaves • Cotton • Farm Acreage • Factories • Railroad Lines • Population • Tobacco • Banks Deposits • Industrial Workers

  23. Urbanization • In 1860, New York City had a population of 813,660. • Philadelphia 565,529 • Boston 177,840 • St. Louis 160,773 • Chicago 112,172 Of the top 25 cities by population in 1860, only 5 were located in the South and only 2 ranked in the Top 10 • Baltimore ranked 4th with a population of 212,418 • New Orleans ranked 6th with a population of 168,675 • Louisville ranked #12, with a population of 68,033, • Charleston #22, population 40,522 • Richmond #25, population 37,910. WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT 2 of THESE CITIES? What do These Numbers Mean for the North and South?

  24. During the first half of the 19th century, economic differences between the regions also increased. By 1860 cotton was the chief crop of the South, and it represented 57 percent of all U.S. exports. The profitability of cotton, known as King Cotton, completed the South's dependence on the plantation system and its essential component, slavery. “Five years ago Mr. and Mrs. Kirke Boott took up their residence at Lowell where there was then no building except one or two little hovels, but last night we went over very extensive cotton manufacturies that have sprung up since that time, and on every side fresh ones are starting into life. This State is so very bad for agricultural purposes that they are driven to manufactures to gain a livelihood?” The Economy Primary Source Activity: Comparing and Contrasting the Rules

  25. Make Your Own Version of this Pictograph. What statements can be made comparing the resources of the North and South? Use Ratios To Answer.

  26. Lowell Factory Complex

  27. Cotton GIN Large Plantation

  28. “Nation on the Brink”Part III Origins of the American Civil War

  29. Social and Cultural Issues • Poor vs. Rich • Catholic vs. Protestant • Native vs. Immigrant • North vs. South • Free Soil vs. Slave • Political Parties Divide over these Issues • Whig • Democrats • Result: Nativism/ Republican Party Develops 1856 * Add to Vocabulary Squares http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/civilwar/lesson1/

  30. Slave: • When one person is owned by another person • Synonym: Bondage • Legal in the United States until passage of the 13th Amendment • Cotton became profitable in 1793 with the invention of the cotton gin and this led to expansion of slavery • Foreign Slave Trade: Middle Passage outlawed in 1808 • Other Issues: Conditions/Health/Slave Codes • Mental and physical abuse • Famous Slaves: Harriet Tubman Fredrick Douglas Dred Scot *Add to Vocabulary Squares Florida Mammy

  31. Increase and Spread of Slavery • Maryland 107,499 to 90,374 • Mississippi 65,659 to 436,631 • North Carolina 245,601 to 331,059 • South Carolina 315,401 to 402,406 • Tennessee 141,603 to 275,719 • Texas 58,161 to 182,566 • Virginia 453,698 to 472,494 Slave Populations: Change fro 1830 to 1860 • Alabama 119,121 to 437,770 • Arkansas 4,717 to 111,259 • Delaware 3,292 to 1,798 • Florida 15,501 to 61,745 • Georgia 217,531 to 462,198 • Kentucky 165,213 to 225,483 • Louisiana 109,588 to 331,726 What Inferences Can You Draw from these Statistics?

  32. The Economics of Slavery: Evaluate the trendsof Slave Value What Effects might these Values have on attempts to resolve the Slavery Issue?

  33. Popular Sovereignty Vote For Slavery! • To vote about an issue • Each territory’s population would vote on Slavery • 1830s-1850 • Supported by most Southerners • Failed as a compromise due to opposition of abolitionists and free soilers Abolish Slavery! Protest Sign Doodles

  34. Antislavery Convention 1838 Abolitionist Movement • Abolish is root word which means to get rid of or destroy • Describes those who wish to end slavery in the United States • Developed in Churches and Reformers in New England (North) • First half of 19th Century • William Lloyd Garrison is writer and speaker who publishes his newspaper “The Liberator” to spread the ideas of abolitionists. • Fredrick Douglas is a former slave who is a gifted orator and writes his Autobiography to publicize the abolitionist cause. North Star • Extremists like John Brown believed violence was a justifiable means to the End of Slavery • Refusal to Compromise was important in causing the Civil War 3 minute pause

  35. Compromise of 1850 • Written by Henry Clay • Steered through Congress with help of Stephen Douglas • Attempted to settle several problems: a. What kind of state would California be? b. New Mexico? c. Texas border disputes with New Mexico? d. Slavery in Washington D.C.? e. Fugitive Slaves? • 5 parts: • California admitted as a free state • New Mexico decided by popular Sovereignty • New Mexico gets some Texas Territory • Slave Trade outlawed in D.C. • New Fugitive Slave law punished those who help runaways 3 minute pause/ Activity

  36. LTPS: Thought Bubble Pause

  37. “Nation on the Brink”Part IV Origins of the American Civil War

  38. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Came from a prominent abolitionist family • Published in 1852 • Novel which showcased all the evils of slavery • Became a bestseller • 300,000 copies in the First Year • Helped gain support for the abolitionists 3 minute Pause Sketch Book Cover

  39. Kansas-Nebraska Act Stickman Cartoon • 1854. • It created two new territories that would allow the states to use popular sovereignty to determine whether they would be free or slave. • The real issue occurred in Kansas where proslavery Missourians began to pour into the state to help force it to be slave. They were called “Border Ruffians.” • Problems came to a head in violence at Lawrence Kansas. • The fighting that occurred caused it to be called “Bleeding Kansas.” “Mini” Civil War *Look at Map! 3 minute Pause

  40. Republican Party • Founded in 1856 • Combination of former Free Soilers, Whigs, Northern Democrats • #1 goal was to overturn the power of the slave states and prevent the spread of slavery to new territories • First Presidential candidate was John Fremont of California • Overwhelmingly defeated in 1856 by Democrat James Buchanan • Became a rallying place for abolitionists and made southerners nervous and suspicious • Nominate Abraham Lincoln for President in 1860 3 minute Pause Campaign Buttons

  41. Dred Scott • Former Slave from Missouri • Test Case in Supreme Court in 1856 • Slave moved to Free State is he now free? • Justice Roger B. Taney wrote decision • Slaves are not citizens and have no standing in law to sue in Court • Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional • Violates 5th Amendment protection of Life, Liberty, and property and DUE PROCESS • Both sides used case as propaganda • Abolitionist outraged/South believes this proves their case for secession Speech Bubbles

  42. John Brown • Radical Abolitionist “Appointed by God” • Used violence to oppose slavery • Massacre Kansas/Nebraska Border with machete 1854 • Raid at Harper’s Ferry/ Virginia Supposed Slave Uprising 1858 • Robert E. Lee Sent to Stop Him • Raid was a failure, several killed and he was captured • Trial was a circus with tremendous publicity • Hung in Virginia/ Became a Martyr and both sides used for propaganda 3 minute pause Doodles

  43. Who are These Men?

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