Bacteria

1. Bacteria Bacterium = singular

2. 1. Prokaryote Bacteria Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus

3. 2. What two kingdoms are bacteria divided into? Eubacteria Archaebacteria

4. The 6 Life Kingdoms Add these to the back of your paper

5. 3. Where do eubacteria live? Almost everywhere – water, land, in animals, humans

6. 4. What is the complete name for the bacterium known as E. coli? Escherichia coli

7. 5. Sketch and label the E. coli figure 19-2. (use back of paper)

8. 6. How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria? Lack peptidoglycan, have different membrane lipids (fats)

9. 7. List 4 places archaebacteria could be found. Oxygen free environments, mud, digestive tracts of animals, hot springs

10. 8. Bacilli Rod shaped

11. 9. Cocci Round

12. 10. Spirilla Spiral shape

13. 11. Flagella Whiplike structure used for movement

14. 12. Chemoheterotroph Need to consume organic molecules for energy and to supply carbon

15. 13. Photoheterotroph Can use sunlight to make energy, but also need to consume organic molecules to get carbon

16. 14. Photoautotroph Can photosynthesize like plants to make their energy and food

17. 15. Chemoautotroph Can make carbon molecules from carbon dioxide, without sunlight. (Chemosynthesis)

18. 16. Obligate aerobe – define and list one example Require a constant supply of oxygen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

19. 17. Obligate anaerobe – define and list one example Do not require oxygen. Clostridium botulinum

20. 18. Facultative anaerobe – define and list one example Can survive with or without oxygen. E. coli

21. 19. Binary fission When bacteria grows and divides in half producing two identical daughter cells

22. 20. Conjugation Ability of some bacteria to join together and exchange genetic information

23. 21. Endospore A spore that encloses the bacterium’s DNA so it can remain dormant when growingconditions are bad

24. 22. How do decomposers help our environment? Bacteria help break down organic matter from dead organisms and recycle nutrients in the environment.

25. 23. Nitrogen fixation Some bacteria can convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form plants can use. Rhizobium

26. 24. List a plant that has a symbiotic relationship with bacteria Soybeans and other legumes

27. 25. List an example of a bacterium that fixates nitrogen with a plant Rhizobium

28. 26. List 2 ways humans use bacteria Production of foods Digest oil (spills) Remove waste products

29. How did the bacterium • E. coli get its name? “coli” was derived from the fact that these bacteria live in the human colon.

31. Bacteria can move in many forms- water, air, and animals. Of course, they move by themselves too, with tail-like structures • called flagella. • Bacteria are one-celled organisms that live and reproduce on their own. • Everything has bacteria on it. • Both cheese and yogurt are made with bacteria-along with milk, of course.

32. How big are bacteria? 1 to 5 micrometers 1 micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter Or 1/10,000 centimeter How many bacteria could be lined up to equal one centimeter in length? 2000 to 10,000 cells

33. E. coli

34. Anthrax Bacillus anthracis

35. Staphylococcus epidermidis

36. Spirilla Bacteria

37. Clostridium botulinum

38. Binary Fission

39. Conjugation

41. Nitrogen Fixation nodules

42. What kind of bacteria is responsible for nitrogen fixation? Rhizobium

43. What kind of plants do bacteria fixate nitrogen with? • Legumes • Soybeans • Peas • Green beans • Alfalfa hay