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Examples for critique

Examples for critique. Universities. Industry. National Labs. Start-ups. Basic Science Futures Report. “Innovative Energy Solutions: The San Francisco Bay Area is fueling the future and preserving the environment”. Collaboration. Where is the project today? Where are we heading?

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Examples for critique

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  1. Examples for critique

  2. Universities Industry NationalLabs Start-ups Basic Science Futures Report “Innovative Energy Solutions: The San Francisco Bay Area is fueling the future and preserving the environment”

  3. Collaboration • Where is the project today? • Where are we heading? • What is the roadmap to success?

  4. UC Energy Research Programs Biofuels  Hydrogen Fuel cells Wind  Solar  Nuclear Geothermal  Energy Efficiency

  5. Technology focus of the slide BIOFUELS HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS GEOTHERMAL SOLAR WIND NUCLEAR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARTNERS TECHNOLOGIES Program A Program B PROGRAM A: UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab working on Biofuels, Hydrogen and Solar. PROGRAM B: UC Berkeley, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, and Lawrence Livermore National Lab working on Biofuels

  6. Biofuels Advantages: • Plentiful and renewable sources • Multi-scale solutions • Reduced dependence on oil supply Challenges: • Moving beyond conventional fuel feedstock • Production • Distribution • Uses

  7. California Lighting Technology Center Water and Energy Technology Team Solid State Lighting Technology Center Bren School of Env. Science and Mgt. Lighting Research Group California Energy Efficiency Center Power Electronics Laboratory Ctr for Information Tech. Research in the Interest of Society PIER Demand Response Research Center Consortium for Electric Reliability Tech. Solns. Environmental Energy Technologies Division Energy and Environment Directorate BIOFUELS HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS GEOTHERMAL SOLAR WIND NUCLEAR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

  8. Market and Policy Research • University of California Energy Institute • UC Berkeley’s Energy and Resources Group • LLNL’s Energy and Environment Directorate • LBL Environmental Energy Technologies Division • Institute for Transportation Studies • California Geothermal Energy Collaborative • California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways

  9. Customer Outreach • The 20% solution • Home energy saver

  10. Presentation Objectives • Provide an overview of conversion technologies under active development for the production of bioalcohols from renewable biomass feedstocks • Determine which biomass conversion technologies for the production of bioalcohols appears to be currently the most viable and provide a perspective on the potential viability of commercial-scale technologies in the 2010-2020 time frame • Summarize key findings and lessons learned from past biofuel technology development projects in California and the Western U.S. region • Recommend opportunities in California for RD&D efforts and ultimately commercialization of technologies to produce biomass-based fuels

  11. Renewable and Alternative Transportation Fuel Options Bioalcohols Biodiesel & Biogasoline Biodiesel (oil derivatives) Biogas (anaerobic sources) Biohydrogen Dimethyl Ether (DME) Propane Natural Gas & NG/H2 Mixtures

  12. Biomass Conversion Technologies • Conversion Processes • - Thermochemical Conversion • - Biochemical Conversion • Integrated Thermochemical & • Biochemical Conversion • Processes (Integrated Bio- • Refinery) • Over 450 Current Technology • Development Organizations • with Processes Representing • 12 Technology Categories • Renewable • Biomass • Products • Agriculture • Forest • Waste Materials • Agriculture • Forest • Municipal • Industrial • Renewable • Energy • Products • Fuels • Alcohol • Diesel • Hydrogen • Electricity & Heat

  13. Emerging Renewable Biomass to Bioalcohol Technologies “5E Assessments” • Emerging technologies for the conversion of renewable biomass to bioalcohols, electricity and heat will need to meet the following requirements in order to become commercially viable: • Feasible as determined by an in-depth technology Evaluation (E1) • Energy (E2) efficient • Environmentally (E3) friendly • Economically (E4) viable • Socio-Politically Effective (E5) This 5E assessment approach helps evaluate the commercial viability of biomass conversion technologies

  14. Biomass Conversion Technology Development/Supplier Organizations • More than 450 technology developers/suppliers worldwide • Approximately 40 organizations are focused currently on biomass to bioalcohol conversion technologies • Technology developer profiles completed for these 40 organizations as based upon: • Supplier responses from requests for information • Publicly available presentations, patents, publications and media reports

  15. Thermochemical Processes for Bioalcohol Production Bioalcohols & Energy Production* Biomass Conversion Biomass Processing Energy Conversion Bioenergy Use Grinding Mixing Screening (done offsite) Thermo- Chemical Conversion Integrated Fuel/Electricity Production Technologies Bioalcohol (~80% ethanol/ ~15% methanol) Refining, Blending & Distribution Syngas “5E” Assessments Technology Evaluations (E1) Energy (E2) Efficiency Environmental (E3) Friendliness Economic (E4) Viability Socio-Politically Effectiveness (E5) Electricity To Grid Heat (Steam) Buildings, Processes *Energy production data calculated for dry wood @ 8,500 BTU/lb

  16. A Comparison of Return on Investment (ROI), CO2 Emissions and Energy Efficiencies for Bioalcohol and Bioenergy Fuel Production Plants Using Current and Emerging Technologies

  17. Conclusions • Thermochemical conversion process that utilize pyrolysis/steam reforming processes (no oxygen or air) are currently capable of economically producing bioalcohols for as little as 250 dry tons per day (DTPD) of biomass at a production cost of less than$1.50/gallon in California. Furthermore, this process should be able to produce bioalcohol (80-85% ethanol/10-15% methanol) at an average of $1.12/gallon for a 500 DTPD plant. Improvements in this thermochemical technology have the potential of reducing ethanol production costs to below $1.00/gallon by 2012. • Thermochemical conversion processes that incorporate air or oxygen typically produce syngas that has a low BTU value (<300 BTU/cubic ft.) and high concentrations of tars, particulate and other contaminants. Although these types of technologies have been used for over seventy years for the large-scale production (> $1.0 billion plants) of fuels, electricity and chemical feedstocks from renewable and fossil biomass, we do not believe that these technologies are viable for smaller-scale production plants (200-1,000 DTDP).

  18. Conclusions • Biochemical conversion processes have been available for nearly 100 years that utilize acid hydrolysis for the conversion of cellulose to sugars, followed by the fermentation of the sugars to bioethanol. Several companies have made significant technological advancements resulting in bioethanol yields of approximately 60 gallons/DT of wood feedstock. The current estimated cost of producing ethanol with this process is about $2.24/gallon for a 2,200 DTPD plant. • Since ethanol sells for $1.85-$2.10/gallon, the above technologies are not economically viable at this point in time. • Projected improvements in these biochemical conversion processes have the potential of reducing ethanol production costs to below $1.50/gallon for 2,000 DTPD or larger plants by 2012.

  19. Conclusions • The thermochemical and biochemical technologies are expected to serve different market needs. Since the thermochemical conversion plants require much less biomass for economic viability, they are ideal for the distributed production (200-500 tons/day) of bioalcohols and electricity. The thermochemical approach can be used for the conversion of nearly any renewable biomass resource as well as fossil biomass feedstocks. These thermochemical plants can be sited close to the sources of biomass and provide significant benefits to local communities. • The large biochemical conversion plants can become viable when significant quantities (>2,000 tons/day) of biomass are available at feedstock costs below $35/DT. An ideal application is to co-locate these plants with large, traditional corn-to-ethanol production plants. The thermochemical based plants can also be integrated with these biochemical plants to supply electricity, heat (steam), cooling and the production of additional ethanol from waste materials. These integrated approaches are expected to increase plant energy efficiency, reduce emissions and increase economic benefits.

  20. Integrated Bioalcohol and Energy Production System Demonstration and Validation Project - Supporting Organizations CEC DOE DOD City of Gridley Thermo Conversions BASF Pacific Renewable Fuels REI International Technikon DRI MTEC (Thailand) UC-Davis Renewable Energy Testing Center (RETC)

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