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Introduction to Chemical Reactions

Introduction to Chemical Reactions. Learning Reaction Types and Their Patterns. Synthesis. A + B  AB Element A + Element B  Compound AB Magnesium Strip + Oxygen Gas  Solid Magnesium Oxide. 2 Mg (s) + O 2 (g)  2 MgO (s) (white powder). Decomposition. AB  A + B

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Introduction to Chemical Reactions

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  1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions Learning Reaction Types and Their Patterns

  2. Synthesis • A + B  AB • Element A + Element B  Compound AB • Magnesium Strip + Oxygen Gas  Solid Magnesium Oxide

  3. 2 Mg(s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s) (white powder)

  4. Decomposition • AB  A + B • Compound AB  Element A + Element B • Aqueous hydrogen peroxide  oxygen gas + liquid water

  5. Splint Test • A test used to determine the production of one of the following gases: O2 – flame gets bigger and splint will relight CO2 – flame will go out H2 – popping noise (flame may go out from mini explosion!)

  6. 2 H2O2(aq) O2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)

  7. ABCD  AB + C + D • Compound ABCD  Compound AB + Element C + Element D • Solid ammonium dichromate  solid chromium (III) oxide + nitrogen gas + water vapor

  8. ABCD  AB + C + D • Compound ABCD  Compound AB + Element C + Element D • Solid ammonium dichromate  solid chromium (III) oxide + nitrogen gas + water vapor

  9. (NH4)2Cr2O7 (s) N2 (g) + Cr2O3 (s) + 4 H2O (g)

  10. Single Replacement - Cationic • A + BC  B + AC • Element A+ Compound BC Element B+ Compound AC • Note: Elements A & B are metals • Copper wire + aqueous silver nitrate  solid silver + aqueous copper (I) nitrate

  11. Cu(s) + AgNO3 (aq) Ag(s) + CuNO3 (aq) (blue)

  12. Iron nail + copper (II) chloride solution  solid copper + iron (II) chloride solution

  13. Fe(s) + CuCl2 (aq)  FeCl2 (aq) + Cu (s) (red)

  14. Solid zinc + aqueous hydrochloric acid  hydrogen gas + aqueous zinc chloride

  15. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2(g) (“pop” splint test)

  16. Single Replacement - Anionic • A + BC  C + BA • Element A + Compound BC  Element C + Compound BA • Note: Elements A & C are nonmetals

  17. Chlorine gas + aluminum bromide solution  bromine gas + aluminum chloride solution

  18. 3Cl2 (g) + 2AlBr3 (aq) 3Br2 (g) + 2AlCl3 (aq)

  19. Double Replacement • AB + CD  AD + CB • Compound AB + Compound CD  Compound AD + Compound BC • aqueous copper (II) nitrate + aqueous sodium hydroxide  copper (II) hydroxide (ppt) + aqueous sodium nitrate.

  20. Cu (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) Cu (OH)2 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq)

  21. aqueous silver nitrate + potassium chromate  aqueous potassium nitrate + solid silver chromate

  22. AgNO3 (aq) + K2CrO4 (aq)  KNO3 (aq) + Ag2CrO4 (s)

  23. In order for a double replacement reaction to occur, one of the following must be produced: Gas Water Precipitate (ppt.)

  24. Precipitation Animation • http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/chang_7e_esp/crm3s2_3.swf

  25. Combustion • Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + heat • Hydrocarbon is a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and sometimes oxygen (CxHyOz) • aqueous methanol + oxygen gas  carbon dioxide gas + liquid water

  26. 2 CH3OH(aq) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l) + heat

  27. methane gas + oxygen gas  carbon dioxide gas + water vapor

  28. CH4(g) + 2O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g)

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