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Cartography

Cartography. Maps Continents Oceans Longitude/Latitude Hemispheres Topography. Understanding Maps. Map – a drawing that shows the earth’s surface Legend – keys that explains what the map symbols mean Compass Rose – shows the four major points of direction (drawing)

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Cartography

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  1. Cartography Maps Continents Oceans Longitude/Latitude Hemispheres Topography

  2. Understanding Maps • Map – a drawing that shows the earth’s surface • Legend – keys that explains what the map symbols mean • Compass Rose – shows the four major points of direction (drawing) • Scale – relationship between the distances on the map and the actual distance on Earth’s surface

  3. Understanding Maps Scale is shown on maps in three ways: • Graphic or Bar Scale: • Helpful when enlarging or reducing maps because it changes with the map.

  4. Continents and Oceans • Continents

  5. Latitude • Lines of Latitude – • horizontal lines that circle the globe • Parallel • Run in the same direction as the Equator • Equator – • imaginary line • 0 degrees • North Pole and South Pole - 90 degrees from the equator

  6. Longitude • Lines of Longitude • Run/drawn between the North and the South Poles • Also called meridians. • Prime Meridian • The line at zero degrees longitude • Runs through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England. • International Date Line • located 180 degrees away from the prime meridian. When it is noon along the prime meridian, it is midnight along the International Date Line.

  7. World Longitude and Latitude

  8. Hemispheres • Hemi- is a prefix that means half. • Everything north of the equator is in the Northern Hemisphere • Everything south of the equator is in the Southern Hemisphere • West of the prime meridian is The Western Hemisphere • East of the prime meridian the is the Eastern Hemisphere • The hemispheres both end at the International Date Line

  9. Hemispheres West v. East North v. South

  10. Topographic Maps Represents Earth’s surface in three dimensions Elevation distance directions slope angles.

  11. SCALES again! There are 3 different kinds. • Verbal Scale: • 1 inch equals 16 kilometers • Says: 1-inch on the map represents 16 km on the surface of the Earth. • Graphic or Bar Scale: • Helpful when enlarging or reducing maps because it changes with the map. • Natural Scale: • 1:1,000,000 (this is the same as 1/1,000,000) • 1 cm. equals 1,000,000 cm

  12. Scale Finding distance from map and scale • Suppose we have a map with a scale of 1:50,000. We measure the distance on the map as as 1.7 cm. What is the length in the real world?

  13. Contour Lines • A line that connects points of equal elevation • Do not cross each other, divide or split. • Closely spaced = steep slopes • Spaced far apart = gentle slopes. • Contour lines trend up valleys and form a "V" or a "U" where they cross a stream. Contour Interval • The change in elevation between one contour line and the next contour line Index Contour • Every fifth line that is darkened Hachures • Short lines used on a map to indicate a depression Legend

  14. On this map, the vertical distance between each contour line is 10 feet. • Which is higher, hill A or hill B?___________________ • Which is steeper, hill A or hill B?_______________ • How many feet of elevation are there between contour lines? ________________________ • How high is hill A? __________ Hill B? _____________ • Are the contour lines closer together on hill A or hill B?_____

  15. The Trouble With Topos

  16. Locate the following things: A church A bridge over the river An oceanside cliff A stream that flows into the main river A hill that rises steeply on one side and more smoothly on the other.

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