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Industrialization

Industrialization. By Ashley Suh , Cristina Preziosi , Mackenzie Brower. Background. Industrialization Also known as the Technological Revolution or the Second Industrial Revolution Occurred from the 1870s to the 1920s

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Industrialization

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  1. Industrialization By Ashley Suh, Cristina Preziosi, Mackenzie Brower

  2. Background Industrialization • Also known as the Technological Revolution or the Second Industrial Revolution • Occurred from the 1870s to the 1920s • Caused by an abundance of natural resources, support of business from the government, and the growing urban population that provided workers and markets for new products • Was focused on mass production and railroads

  3. Innovations and Ideas • Edwin L. Drake founded a new method for gathering oil through drilling—this started an “oil boom” throughout the U.S. • The Bessemer Steel Process allowed for the formation of steel by removing carbon and other components from molten iron by injecting air and the process was eventually more refined in order to produce steel from other metals and raw materials • The Age of the Railroads • The first transcontinental railroad was built and allowed for increase in travel • Railroads allowed for the expansion of industrialization throughout the U.S. • Allowed for iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass industries to develop • Helped towns grow and establish markets

  4. Challenges • Farmers were upset • Were kept in debt by fixed railroad costs • Land grants went towards railroads—farmers found this to be corrupt • Had multiple attempts that hindered the Age of the Railroads • Labor Unions formed because: • Workers often worked in extremely poor conditions consisting of 12 hour work days, six days a week • Employees did not receive vacation days, sick days, unemployment compensation, or settlement for work-related injuries • Child labor became the norm • Strikes • Workers sought better conditions and pay for their labor and participated in organized protests against their employer • Panic of 1893 • An impactful economic depression that deterred the growth of industrialization

  5. Benefits Benefits: • Induced the growth of big businesses • Improved factory workers’ standard of living • Workweek was reduced by 10 hours by 1890 • More jobs for women • Invention of the typewriter and telephone created jobs for women • Mass production of clothing in factories created more jobs for women • Communication made available • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone • Energy harnessed • Light bulb was perfected by Thomas Edison • Energy became inexpensive and available in homes, allowing for time-saving appliances to be used • Made travelling cheaper through electric street cars • Sturdier structures • Bridges could carry more weight by using steel cables • Skyscrapers were built, saving space within the cities • Increase of food production • Glidden’s barbed wire and Deere’s farm machines allowed for an agricultural growth • More efficient transportation • Stronger railroads built from the production of steel

  6. Problems • Industrial pollution affected the air people breathed and the water that they drank, resulting in health issues • Balancing industrial production and environmental concerns became difficult

  7. To what extent can rapid development of a country be controlled? The rapid development of a country cannot be controlled by any external forces, such as the government. However, the internal forces, such as angry laborers, can delay the process at which industrialization becomes successful, but the process itself cannot be stopped, due to the unlimited amount of innovative ideas that arise to make a better society. Overall, industrialization is an uncontrollable revolution that helped shape modern America.

  8. Multiple Choice • All of the following caused the Second Industrial Revolution EXCEPT: • An abundance of natural resources • Population increase • The need for reform in working conditions • Government support of industrialization

  9. Multiple Choice 2) Why was the Bessemer Steel Process important? • It created a surplus of metal alloys that were mainly used for the creation of silverware • It allowed for the creation of steel to be used towards railroads and other innovations • It induced the “oil boom” throughout the U.S. by injecting air into iron to form oil • B and C only

  10. Multiple Choice 3) Which of the following is true about the Second Industrial Revolution? • It resulted in women getting more jobs in physical labor and equalized their pay with men • Pollution became an easily solvable problem that resulted from the event • Laws for farmers were passed as an attempt to get them working in industries • There were improvements made in agricultural technology that resulted in an increase of food

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