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Interpreting Chinese Politics

Interpreting Chinese Politics. Analyzing Chinese Politics. Generational perspective Time to join revolution determine common political experiences Join the CCP in 1931-1936 (cadres of the Long March generation) Join the CCP in 1937 – 1945 (Cadres of the Resistance War era)

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Interpreting Chinese Politics

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  1. Interpreting Chinese Politics

  2. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Generational perspective • Time to join revolution determine common political experiences • Join the CCP in 1931-1936 (cadres of the Long March generation) • Join the CCP in 1937 – 1945 (Cadres of the Resistance War era) • Join the CCP in 1946 -1949 (Cadres of the Liberation War era) • Shared personal & political experiences determine viewpoints • Experienced CCP-KMT cooperation and breakup ’20s • Never ever compromise with KMT • Never ever give up military independence

  3. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Generational perspective • Shared personal & political experiences determine viewpoints • Experienced CCP-KMT cooperation and breakup ’20s • Experienced War of Resistance against Japan • Hardened hostility to foreign imperialism • Hardened nationalistic feelings

  4. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Generational perspective • Time to join revolution determine common political experiences • Shared personal & political experiences determine viewpoints • Personal experiences in crisis situations predispose them to certain reactions • E.g., outbreak of Japanese invasion of northeast China • Call for national solidarity • Call for cessation of civil wars

  5. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Strategic Interaction School • An approach to analyze China’s foreign relations emphasizing: • Historical lessons China learnt from its unhappy encounter with the West • The Opium War 1839-1841 • The Burning of the Yuan Min Yuan, 1860 • The Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 • The 8-nation allied forces, 1900

  6. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Strategic Interaction School • An approach to analyze China’s foreign relations emphasizing: • China being a rational actor • China’s nuclear project, 1964 • China facing significant geographical constraints • Korea considered a springboard for attacking mainland China • China’s overly defensive posture • Overly suspicious of foreign intentions • E.g Khrushchev’s suggestion • China determined to gain respect

  7. Analyzing Chinese Politics • China is China is China school • Culture and tradition explains Chinese politics • Contemporary politics is a replica of imperial Chinese politics • CCP leader is like emperor • Having unlimited power • Constrained by fellow comrades • Communism is like Confucianism

  8. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Factional Model • Horizontal fragmentation (division within organizations • Factions based on clientelist ties • CCP not monolithic • Factions vying for power expansion • Constant rivalry among factions • Constant realignment & coalition building

  9. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Central-local explanation • Central interests v local interests • Prominent role of regional differences • Prominent role of administrative regions • Prominent role of field army • Political-cultural (Red-expert) school • Need for Western technology/experts • Need for maintaining Chinese essence/ideological correctness

  10. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Palace politics school • Succession unpredictable, violent • Competition for succession • Personality struggle over policy differences • Individual are main players • Cellular economy model • Decentralized economy for livelihood aims • Centralized economy for state objectives

  11. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Pluralist model • Political competition can exist • Social groups are emerging for their interests • Civil society appearing • Communist neo-traditionalism • Conflict and competition exist in all levels • Distinctive communist institutions exist to make organized control • These institutions shape behaviors distinctively

  12. Analyzing Chinese Politics • Fragmented authoritarianism • Protracted bargaining btwn center & localities • Center maintain political control over localities • Localities growing autonomous due to growing economic decentralization

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