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Threats to Freshwater: Pollution, Misuse, and Conservation

Learn the causes of freshwater depletion, water cycle, aquifers, and conservation methods. Explore impacts of pollution, irrigation, and waste disposal on water resources.

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Threats to Freshwater: Pollution, Misuse, and Conservation

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  1. Ch 11 and 19 Final Exam Review

  2. What has caused fresh water to become one of our most threatened resources? • Pollution and misuse • In what three states may water be found on Earth? • Solid, liquid, gas • Why is water considered to be a renewable resource? • It is circulated in the water cycle.

  3. Fresh water found on Earth’s land. • Surface water • The area of land that is drained by a river is known as a _________. • Watershed • The ___________________ system drains water from about 30 states. • Mississippi River

  4. What is interesting about the location of major cities and watersheds? • Most major cities are not built near watersheds. Watersheds are where you can find the most water. • Water beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formations is called __________. • groundwater

  5. The level at which water saturates rock and soil. • Water table • An underground formation that contains groundwater. • Aquifer • The percentage of the total volume of a rock that has spaces. • porosity

  6. The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it. • Permeability • Materials such as clay or granite that do not allow the flow of water are _____________. • Impermeable

  7. _____________, located in Siberia near the Mongolian border, is the largest lake in the world. It makes up 20% of the world’s surface fresh water. It would take the water of the 5 great lakes to fill it back up. It is the only lake to support freshwater dolphins. • Lake Baikal

  8. An area of the Earth’s surface from which water percolates down into an aquifer is called a __________. • Recharge zone. • Why are recharge zones environmentally sensitive areas? • Pollution in the recharge zone can enter the aquifer

  9. A hole that is dug to reach water. • A well • Why do we dig wells for water? • The ground purifies the water as it travels underground. • What does the phrase “We all live downstream” mean? • When a water supply is polluted or overused, everyone living downstream may be affected.

  10. How many people according to the World Health Organization, lack access to clean water? • 1 billion • Water must be treated to make it ________, which means safe to drink. • Potable • Organisms that cause illness or disease. • pathogens

  11. A method of providing plants with water from sources other than direct precipitation. • Irrigation • Huge canals built by the romans that brought water from the mountains to their cities. • Aqueducts • A structure built across a river to control the water’s flow. • A dam

  12. An artificial lake formed behind a dam. • Reservoir • A system that uses perforated tubing to slowly water plants. The water is directed toward the roots. • Drip Irrigation System • Designing a landscape to use a minimum of water. • xeriscaping

  13. The process of removing salt from salt water. • Desalination • The solid material that remains after water treatment. • Sewage sludge • What is the largest source of nutrients that may cause artificial eutrophication. • Phosphates from detergent, fertilizer from lawns and gardens.

  14. A type of pollution that results from the increase in temperature of water. • Thermal pollution • The buildup of pollutants at higher levels of the food chain. • Biomagnification • A material is __________ if it can be broken down by elements of the natural environment. • biodegradable

  15. Synthetic materials that are not easily broken down by the environment. • Nonbiodegradable materials like plastic and polyester • The waste produced by households and businesses. • Municipal solid waste • What material represents the largest percentage of municipal solid waste? • paper

  16. A permanent waste disposal facility where wastes are put in the ground and covered each day. • Landfill • A liquid that has passed through compacted solid waste in a landfill. • Leachate • Decomposing organic waste in landfills produces ________. • methane

  17. Using an _________ is a possible alternative to landfills. • Incinerator • The process of reusing materials or recovering valuable materials from waste or scrap. • Recycling • A dark brown crumbly material made from decomposed plant and animal matter. • compost

  18. A type of plastic made from the blending of sugars in plants with chemicals in order to make biodegradable plastic. • Green plastic • Any waste that is a risk to the health of humans or other living things. • Hazardous waste

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