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Constructing a Cladogram

Constructing a Cladogram. Review: Cladogram / Phylogeny Tree. How to Construct a Cladogram ?. Example Characters 1 2 3 4. Floppy Disk DVD 2 GB USB Key 2GB XD Card

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Constructing a Cladogram

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  1. Constructing a Cladogram Review: Cladogram/Phylogeny Tree

  2. How to Construct a Cladogram? • Example Characters 1 2 3 4

  3. Floppy Disk DVD 2 GB USB Key 2GB XD Card 4 3 2 1

  4. How to Construct a Cladogram? Step 1: Summarize the characters of the taxa being compared (use the developmental milestones discussed in the biodiversity unit) Step 2: Select an outgroup that is NOT part of the study group e.g. lancelet  character found in both the outgroup and study group should be primitive, or plesiomorphic(ancestral)  i.e. study group has the trait of the outgroup and the outgroup does not have the traits the study group have Step 3: Organize study groups into clades showing derived traits in sequence Step 4: Label the derived traits, showing the point of speciation Example: Study group consists of brook trout, salamander, giraffe, and gray squirrel giraffe gray squirrel tiger salamander brook trout

  5. How to Construct a Cladogram? Step 1: Step 2: Outgroup = lancelet has notochord in embryo Step 3: Salamander Squirrel Giraffe Trout amniotic egg, endothermic (warm-blooded) 4 legs, lungs Lancelet vertebrae, jaw

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