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CrossY: A Crossing-Based Drawing Application

CrossY: A Crossing-Based Drawing Application . Georg Apitz & Fran ç ois Guimbreti è re HCIL, University of Maryland francois@cs.umd.edu. People, Pens, and Tablet PC. The New Yorker. Illustration from Ken Hinckley presentation at Stanford. Typical setting for today’s interface.

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CrossY: A Crossing-Based Drawing Application

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  1. CrossY:A Crossing-Based Drawing Application Georg Apitz & François Guimbretière HCIL, University of Maryland francois@cs.umd.edu

  2. People, Pens, and Tablet PC The New Yorker Illustration from Ken Hinckley presentation at Stanford

  3. Typical setting for today’s interface • Fixed stable environment, with a keyboard, • Indirect interaction, • High precision, stable pointing system

  4. Typical Tablet PC use • Portable, unstable environment, without a keyboard • Direct interaction, • Low precision aiming

  5. Why crossing? • Empirical foundations • Use of strokes to cross target is more pen friendly • Crossing is as efficient as point-and-click [Accot & Zhai, 2002] • The basic interactor • How expressive is it?

  6. CrossY video

  7. Previous work • Theoretical basis • Steering Law, Trajectory-Based Tasks [Accot & Zhai 97-02] • Limited scope examples • Toggle Map [Baudish 98] • Lotus Notes: multiple e-mail selection • Conceptual design • Visual Instruments: [Winograd & Guimbretière 98] • Overloading • Gedrics: [Geißler 95]

  8. Crossing based buttons • Option box: stacked vertical targets • Reinforces the idea of mutually exclusive selections • Check box: stacked diagonal targets • Allow for both single and multiple selections in one stroke

  9. Scrolling Line by line area Page by page area Absolute area

  10. CrossY scrollbar • Overloading simplify interactions • shorter distances to issue commands • not as much precision necessary

  11. CrossY scrollbar • Overloading simplify interactions • shorter distances to issue commands • not as much precision necessary • Extending stroke for repeat • No need to wait for a timeout

  12. Cursor control • Cross to jump to an absolute position

  13. Cursor control • Cross to jump to an absolute position

  14. Cursor control • Cross to jump to an absolute position • Near drag for coarse adjustment

  15. Cursor control • Cross to jump to an absolute position • Near drag for coarse adjustment

  16. Cursor control • Cross to jump to an absolute position • Near drag for coarse adjustment • Far drag for fine adjustment • Similar toFineSlider [Masui 95] • But one single stroke

  17. Command composition • From stroke-by-stroke interaction • borders are used to validate/cancel

  18. Command composition • From stroke-by-stroke interaction • borders are used to validate/cancel • To multi-command stroke

  19. Stroke as a scoping mechanism • Stroke “carries” the information StrokeObject

  20. Stroke as a scoping mechanism • Stroke “carries” the information StrokeObject

  21. Stroke as a scoping mechanism • Stroke “carries” the information StrokeObject

  22. Stroke as a scoping mechanism • Stroke “carries” the information • No need to travel back to replace button StrokeObject

  23. Use of directionality • Continuous find and replace

  24. Use of directionality • Continuous find and replace • Reverse direction for undo

  25. A difficult case

  26. Principles • Based Auto-Completion idea • Only unique prefixes are presented • Selection always at the center

  27. Selecting a file to open • Open document /Papers04/ProofRite.pdf • In one stroke:

  28. Discussion • Space requirements • Similar to point-and-click • Trade-off with command combination due to sloppiness • Overloading vs. easy discovery • Consistency helps getting used to it • Known in Windowing systems • Fluid transition from novice to expert • Similar to SHARK: [Zhai et al. 2003] • Single commands for novices • Command combinations for experts

  29. Discussion • Consistency • Crossing direction from right to left to avoid occlusion • For right handed (90% of users) • In File-Open from left to right; based on our writing system • Crossing detection: • Possibility that widgets miss events because not registered • Solution: event dispatch

  30. User feedback / Current study • Initial user feedback during Open House at UMD • Very positive • Liked the easiness • Seen as very intuitive • How does the layout influence performance • Angle of the target is important • How do users react to missed crossings

  31. Future Work • Find general design rules • Do a general performance evaluation • Which paths do user travel between crossing targets • Several strokes vs. one continuous stroke • Toolkit • Basic widgets to create crossing-based applications • Different feedback • Tactile pen

  32. Conclusion • Crossing is feasible as sole interaction technique and • More flexible • Supports command composition • Support fluid transition between novice and expert • Builds on the advantages of the pen • Use strokes • Shows what is necessary to built such an application • Not limited to tablet PCs or drawing apps http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/crossy/

  33. Acknowledgments • Microsoft Research • Corinna Löckenhoff • Anja Szustak • Grecia Lapizco-Encinas and Alejandro Rodriguez

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