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Can be altered by classical conditioning. Can be altered by operant conditioning. (Not until chapter 4). (Not until chapter 4). Skinner’s classification. Involuntary Voluntary Respondent Operant Elicited Emitted. Tropisms. Motor vs . orienting responses. photo tropisms (+ or -).
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Can be altered by classical conditioning Can be altered by operant conditioning (Not until chapter 4) (Not until chapter 4) Skinner’s classification Involuntary Voluntary Respondent Operant Elicited Emitted
Tropisms Motor vs. orienting responses phototropisms (+ or -) geotropisms (+ or -) chemotropisms (+ or -) etc.
Respondents Operants Reflexes Tropisms Autonomic Skeletal Behavior
A monosynaptic reflex: example 1 Afferent (sensory) neuron Interneuron Hot object Efferent (motor) neuron Spinal cord Direction of impulse Muscle contracts and withdraws part being stimulated
A monosynaptic reflex: example 2 Cross-section of spinal cord Sensory neuron Motor neuron Interneuron Muscle
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Step function (like the axon of the neuron) Probability of response Idealized (all-or-none) Actual 0 10 20 30 40 50 Intensity of stimulus Actual threshold = 26 stimulus units The reflex threshold Ogive