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NSCI 324* Systems Neuroscience

NSCI 324* Systems Neuroscience. Doug Munoz Centre for Neuroscience Studies Botterell Hall, room 226 x32111 doug.munoz@queensu.ca Tutorial: Monday Jan 23, 2012 10:30am Botterell B147 TA: Jay Jantz (j.jantz@queensu.ca). NSCI 324* Systems Neuroscience.

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NSCI 324* Systems Neuroscience

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  1. NSCI 324* Systems Neuroscience Doug Munoz Centre for Neuroscience Studies Botterell Hall, room 226 x32111 doug.munoz@queensu.ca Tutorial: Monday Jan 23, 2012 10:30am Botterell B147 TA: Jay Jantz (j.jantz@queensu.ca)

  2. NSCI 324* Systems Neuroscience Vision and Oculomotor Control (Dr. Munoz) January 10 The retina January 13 Central Visual Pathways January 16 Dr. Munoz Tutorial: January 16 Higher Visual functions January 17 Oculomotor System I. Basic organization January 20 Oculomotor System II. Vestibulo-ocular reflex January 23 Dr. Munoz tutorial: January 23 Oculomotor System III. Saccades January 24 Basal Ganglia for cognitive and motor control January 27 review of Dr. Munoz lecture material January 30 Dr. Munoz exam in tutorial period

  3. Oculomotor system I. Basics

  4. Movements that stabilize the eye when the head moves Movements that align the fovea with a visual target

  5. Movements that stabilize the eye when the head moves Vestibulo-ocular Movements that align the fovea with a visual target

  6. Vestibulo-ocular Reflex

  7. Movements that stabilize the eye when the head moves Vestibulo-ocular Optokinetic Movements that align the fovea with a visual target

  8. Movements that stabilize the eye when the head moves Vestibulo-ocular Optokinetic Movements that align the fovea with a visual target Saccade Visual Fixation

  9. Saccade-Fixation Behaviour Saccades allow us to scan the visual field and intermittently focus our attention on the parts of the scene that convey the most significant information.

  10. What do Saccades Accomplish? Eye movements reveal a good deal about the strategies used to inspect a visual scene. Each scan reflects the current task. Gaze position Free examination An Unexpected Visitor (I.E. Repin)

  11. What do Saccades Accomplish? Instruction: “Give the ages of the people.” An Unexpected Visitor (I.E. Repin)

  12. What do Saccades Accomplish? Instruction: “Remember the clothes worn by the people.” An Unexpected Visitor (I.E. Repin)

  13. What do Saccades Accomplish? Instructions: “Remember the position of the people and the objects in the room.” An Unexpected Visitor (I.E. Repin)

  14. What do Saccades Accomplish? Instruction: “Estimate how long the unexpected visitor had been away from the family.” An Unexpected Visitor (I.E. Repin)

  15. What do Saccades Accomplish? The human eyes voluntarily and involuntarily fixate on those elements of a visual scene that carry essential and useful information. The more information is contained in an element, the longer the eyes stay on it. The distribution of fixations on the elements of a scene changes depends on the purpose of the observer, i.e., it is determined by information to be obtained and the thought process accompanying the analysis of this information. Hence people who think differently also, to some extent, see differently. A.L. Yarbus (1967)

  16. Movements that stabilize the eye when the head moves Vestibulo-ocular Optokinetic Movements that align the fovea with a visual target Saccade Visual Fixation Smooth Pursuit

  17. Movements that stabilize the eye when the head moves Vestibulo-ocular Optokinetic Movements that align the fovea with a visual target Saccade Visual Fixation Smooth Pursuit Vergence

  18. Vergence Fixate far target Fixate near target Vergence: eyes move in opposite directions Convergence: to fixate near objects Divergence to fixate far objects

  19. Retinal Disparity Drives Vergence Eye Movements Retinal disparity: difference in location of image between the two eyes. Disparity signal is derived in extrastriate cortex (dorsal stream)

  20. Extraocular Muscles

  21. Extraocular Muscles

  22. Extraocular Muscle Innervation The Oculomotor and Trochlear nerves originate from the midbrain. The Abducens nerve originates from the pons. Lateral view

  23. Discharge Properties of Motoneurons

  24. Firing Frequency Firing Frequency Eye Position (E) Eye Velocity (E) Properties of Motoneurons

  25. E + E E + MN muscle + E • “Neural integrator” integrates E command to produce E command Extraocular Muscle Motoneurons • final common path for all eye movements • carry eye position and eye velocity • integrator located in reticular formation and vestibular complex of brainstem • part of final common path

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