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Sergio A. Carrasco

Offspring size, provisioning and performance as a function of maternal investment in coastal marine invertebrates. Sergio A. Carrasco. Introduction. Life histories.

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Sergio A. Carrasco

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  1. Offspring size, provisioning and performance as a function of maternal investment in coastal marine invertebrates Sergio A. Carrasco

  2. Introduction Life histories Most benthic marine invertebrate species include larval or juvenile stages specialised for dispersal and colonisation of new habitats Morphology, developmentalstages, dispersal, mode of nutrition • Variation in offspringsize(e.g. latitudinal, populations, inter- and intra-especific) (Marshall and Keough 2008; Kamel et al. 2010) Mytilusgalloprovincialis Pinnoctopuscordiformis Cominellavirgata

  3. Introduction Ecological implications Offspring size affect the number of individuals that pass through each stage, with consequences for fitness (i.e. survival, growth, reproduction, competition) If offspring quality is high (i.e.size or energy reserves), more offspring become successful recruits Initial maternal provisioning 7

  4. Introduction Direct developers Reducedpotentialfordispersal Maternal provision is the primary source of nutrition for the embryos until the juvenile stage It has been suggested that mothers with more control of the provisioning could adaptatively adjust the allocation resources according to local conditions

  5. Results Whelk’segg capsules Cominellavirgata Cominella maculosa Haustrumscobina

  6. Results Intra-capsular development C. virgata C. maculosa H. scobina 6 wk 8 wk 10 wk

  7. Results Maternal provisioning in hatchlings

  8. Results Hatchlingsize and performance: Growth & Dessication Dessication (p=0.738) Size (p=0.001) Sites (p=0.006) PH=MP>PHS>TR (three-way ANOVA) Dessication (p=0.74) Size (p=0.01) Sites (p=0.15) (three-way ANOVA)

  9. Results Hatchlingsize and performance: Survival & Dessication Dessication (p=0.85) Size (p>0.59) Sites (all p=0.78) (GLM) Dessication (p=0.19) Size (all p=0.0029) Sites (p<0.05) MP=PH>TR>PHS (GLM)

  10. Results Predatorsize & preyspecies Predatorsize x preysp (p=0.036) (two-way ANOVA) (6-10 mm CW) (11-13 mm CW) (17-20 mm CW)

  11. Results Juvenileontogeny & vulnerabilitytopredators Predatorsize x preysp x time (p<0.0001) (three-way ANOVA) (1d) C. maculosa: 1.7 mm and C. virgata: 3.0 mm (1mo)C. maculosa: 2.2 mm and C. virgata: 4.1 mm (2mo) C. maculosa: 2.6 mm and C. virgata: 4.8 mm

  12. Results Juvenileontogeny traits

  13. Results Octopuses’ egg capsules A, B. Octopushuttoni C, D. Pinnoctopuscordiformis

  14. Results Paralarvaltraits A, B. Octopushuttoni C, D. Pinnoctopuscordiformis

  15. Results Paralarvaltraits A, B. Octopushuttoni C, D. Pinnoctopuscordiformis

  16. Main conclusions (1) Per-offspring maternal investment is an integral part of life-history theory with a plethora of models developed to examine the relationship between egg energy and the production and quality of offspring (2) Regardless of the strategy, the division of finite reproductive resources should ultimately result in an optimal equilibrium between the offspring fitness and the maximization of the parental fitness (3) Offspring size is a key trait for most organisms, influencing an individual’s subsequent performance and having direct consequences in fitness for both the offspring and mother (4) For a wide range of taxa across a variety of habitats, individuals that start juvenile life with a large size often perform better than smaller conspecifics (e.g. growth, survival, competition, reproduction)

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