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Towards Self-Managing Home Networking Systems

Towards Self-Managing Home Networking Systems. Yi-Min Wang Cybersecurity and Systems Management Microsoft Research, Redmond (Google “Strider Wang”). The Aladdin Home Networking System. Seven Windows PC connected by 10Mbps phoneline Ethernet PC peripherals: USB cameras, IR controllers, etc.

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Towards Self-Managing Home Networking Systems

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  1. Towards Self-Managing Home Networking Systems Yi-Min Wang Cybersecurity and Systems Management Microsoft Research, Redmond (Google “Strider Wang”)

  2. The Aladdin Home Networking System • Seven Windows PC connected by 10Mbps phoneline Ethernet • PC peripherals: USB cameras, IR controllers, etc. • Sixty X10-based powerline devices • Controlled devices • Lamps, fans, garage door openers, robo-dogs, beeper/chimer timers, etc. • Converters • Wireless-to-powerline transceivers • Transmitters • Wired and wireless controllers, phone-based controller, PC-based controllers (CM11A powerline transceivers) • Sensors: motion sensors, water sensors, temperature sensors, power outage sensors, garage door sensors, etc.

  3. IM & Email Aladdin: connect to your house at any time, from any place, on any device Text-based Interface Email Natural Language Parser DCOM Device Control Objects MSN My Home Buddy Aladdin Device Adapter (ADA) SIMBA MyAlertBuddy Lookup Services Eventing Monitoring Daemon Soft-State Store

  4. Project Goals • Home network as “part of my Internet” • Mid-size ubiquitous computing system • Heterogeneous networks and devices • Mostly “low-cost”, off-the-shelf consumer devices • Limited mobility • Deployed in a real house and used on a daily basis for three years • Project goals: • Is this something that people can really live with? • What are the “killer apps”? • Study self-configuration & self-monitoring requirements

  5. Self-Configuration • Aladdin Device Adapter (ADA) • Device named by: device type + physical location (pre-mapped to X10 address) • e.g., lamp on “the living room side of the kitchen”, which is mapped to X10 address “E4” • ADA enables self-configuration & -reconfiguration with “dumb” devices • Even smart devices need “field attributes” • Soft-State Store • Volatile or persistent state that will expire if not refreshed

  6. One-step administration: X10 communication address to physical location mapping F3 F16 D10 Bonus Room Master Bedroom K3 D16 G5 J16 Family Room Living Room Kitchen E4 J14 E3 E16 O16 Crawl Space Garage N3 P16

  7. X10 Transmitter AC current sensor Simple Logic Aladdin Device Adapter Lamp E4 Powerline X10 Receiver

  8. Announce • AC current sensor detects current thru device • Transmit device type and X10 address in extended X10 code over powerline • Revoke • Report device leaving (broken, switched off, unplugged, etc.) • Refresh • Periodically re-Announce: allow detecting ADA leaving

  9. Bridging protocol address PhonelineEthernet Attribute- Based Lookup Service (ABLS) Name- Based Lookup Service (NBLS) PC #1 PC #2 Object Powerline Device type + Communication address (= Physical location) Aladdin Device Adapter Device Announcement Protocol

  10. Persistent Store Multi-time-scale Soft-State Store Sensor Heartbeats & States Device Heartbeats Object Heartbeats Daemon Heartbeats Added; Changed; Deleted; MetaChanged Attribute- Based Lookup Service (ABLS) Name- Based Lookup Service (NBLS) Eventing Soft-State Store (SSS) Volatile Store

  11. Self-Monitoring • Daily end-to-end self-test • Powerline  database  Ethernet  Internet IM/email service  cell phone SMS service • Powerline anomaly detection • Receivers embedded into the house responding to unintended control signals

  12. 12:31AM, Sep. 24, 1999 - House under attack... 00:31:42 - Address = M13 >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 00:35:07 - Func = C HailRequest(8) ... 00:35:13 - Func = F AllLightsOn(1) ... 00:35:59 - Func = M ExtendedDataTransfer(12) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 00:36:09 - Address = M13 >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 00:36:12 - Func = M Dim(4) Change in brightness level = 0x0e >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 00:38:00 - Func = E HailAcknowledge(9) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 00:38:50 - Func = I On(2) ... 00:40:26 - Func = N AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 00:45:14 - Func = E AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 01:24:31 - Func = K AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 01:25:28 - Func = I AllUnitsOff(0) ... 01:26:24 - Func = E AllLightsOff(6) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ... 01:44:52 - Func = J StatusRequest(15) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<<

  13. 01:44AM, Sep. 24 1999 - Attacker identified A plugged-in CM11A interface With a floating serial-port connector ! Operator error + non-fail-stop failure

  14. Powerline Monitoring • Model-based fault detection system • Experimentally develop a finite state automaton that models all legal sequences of X10 commands • X10 protocol is under-specified • Deduce model state indirectly from the sequence of observed powerline commands • Hidden state and unobservable illegal transitions • Detect model violations via regular expressions on observable X10 command sequences • Detector itself is self-stabilizing

  15. Summary • Truly ubiquitous computing means a lot of people using a lot of devices in their daily activities • Need low-cost, off-the-shelf consumer devices • Low-cost consumer devices are less robust and less reliable • Systems management cost is too high • Including security and safety concerns • Two things are necessary to make it happen • Need a “universal killer app” to drive up the volume and make low-cost, robust/reliable devices possible • As self-managing as possible

  16. “Killer Apps” for My Family • Parents receive an IM/email when kids get home safely and disable alarm • Remotely check on the house while on vacation • Receive an IM when water sensor detects water leakage • Receive an IM upon power outage

  17. For more information • Google “Aladdin Wang” • News article • “It was a fishy way for a scientist to start wiring houses onto Web,” Seattle-PI news article • “There's No Place Like Home,” Microsoft Research News & Highlights • Papers • “A Toolkit for Building Dependable and Extensible Home Networking Applications,” Usenix Windows Systems Symposium • “Towards Dependable Home Networking: An Experience Report,” IEEE DSN/FTCS • “The SIMBA User Alert Service Architecture for Dependable Alert Delivery,” IEEE DSN • “Model-based Fault Detection in Powerline Networking,” IPDPS

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