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1. Solution FocusedBriefTherapy Megan Rohlik Solution Focused Brief Therapy Megan Rohlik Free Powerpoint Templates

2. Intro • Solution Focused Brief Therapy • Future focused • Goal oriented • Shifts from problem solving to focus on solutions • Main Figures • Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg

3. Key Concepts • Positive Orientation • Optimistic approach • People are resilient, resourceful, competent • Build on strengths and past successes • Focus on Solutions, Not Problems • Little interest on presenting problem or past issues • Clients choose goals they wish to accomplish • Little attention is paid to the exploration of the problem • Look for What is Working • Instances of successes • Creating situations through narratives to make gains towards their goals

4. Role and Functions of the Group Leader • Not Knowing Position • Group members as experts • Collaborative stance not consultation • Creating the chance to help clients see themselves as experts • We hold life experience but enter the clients world as unknowing and curious • Use of Language • Avoid diagnosis, assessment and intervention • Narratives and positive solutions • Shifts Responsibility to Group Members • Group leaders assist members to be co-facilitators • Leads to support and encouragement of each other

5. Therapeutic Partnership • Collaborative Relationship • “What you want to accomplish, not why you are here” • Relational necessities • Care, interest, respectful curiosity, openness and empathy • Solution track not a problem track • Create a climate of mutual respect, dialogue, inquiry and affirmation • Helping the members imagine how they would like things to be different

6. Process • Find out what clients WANT not what they don’t want • Do not look for a diagnosis • If what members are doing is not working, encourage them to experiment with other solutions • Therapy is to be brief by approaching each session as the one and only session

7. Process • Setting the Tone • Focus on solutions from the beginning • Describe problems briefly • Setting Goals • Exceptions to the Problem • Asking about times when the problems were not present or less severe • Encourage Motivation • Assisting with Task Development • Offer feedback • Encourage other members to offer feedback • Next steps

8. ApplicationPre-Therapy Change • Changes made before the initial session • “What have you done since you called that has made a difference in your problem?” • Relies less on therapist and more on their own resources

9. ApplicationQuestioning • Primary communication tool • Main intervention • Asked from a position of respect, curiosity, interest and openness • Another question stems from each answer • Other members are encouraged to respond to promote collaboration

10. ApplicationException Questions • Questions that direct members to times when the problem did not exist • Reminds people that problems are not all-powerful and have not always been there • Gives the members to evoke resources, engage strengths and find possible solutions • Change talk • Ask members what has to happen for these exceptions to occur more often • Listen for signs of previous solutions and exceptions

11. ApplicationThe Miracle Question • “If a miracle happened and the problem you have was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different?” • Designed to enable group members to visualize what life would look like without the problem • Let yourself imagine if you leave this group today and that you are on track to acting more confidently and securely. What will you be doing differently?” • This changes what they are doing • Changing how they view the problem • Conversation about strengths to promote solutions

12. ApplicationScaling Questions • “On a scale of 0-10…” • Used when changes in human experience are not easily observed • When a member moves only 1 mark it is an improvement • Enables clients to pay closer attention to what they are doing and steps that will lead to change

13. ApplicationFormula First Session Task • Form of homework between first and second session • Observe in the week what happens within the life situation that you want to continue to happen • Second session you report back and this tends to increase optimism and hope • Generally report change or improvements since the first session after this is competed

14. ApplicationTherapist Feedback to Group Members • Summary feedback • Compliments • Affirmations of what the client is already doing • Form of encouragement and hope • Bridge • Links initial compliments to suggested tasks • Rationale for suggestions • Suggesting Tasks • Considered homework • Can be observational or behavioral

15. SFBT in Schools • Offers school counselors a framework to achieving small, concrete changes to help students find a more positive direction • We are able to provide effective counseling to more students in less time • Underscores the importance of small changes and co-constructed goals • Helps students develop positive goals rather than “stop doing it” goals

16. SFBT in Schools • Effective and practical because it emphasizes “what works” rather than “why” it is a problem • Encourages the acceptance and accommodation of diverse opinions and beliefs • Based on clear concepts and relatively easy to learn • Strength based approach

17. SFBT in Schools5 steps • Students identify a well-defined goal that has meaning • Students then say what their lives would be like without the problems that are blocking their goals • Counselor facilitates students’ recognition of times when the problem did not exist • Counselor asks students to establish a baseline rating that reflects the severity and then design specific tasks to move up the scale with a clear direction • Counselor constructs a written message to students that compliments effort and tasks to complete

18. SFBT with Multicultural Populations • Works well with cultures that prefer to engage in direct behavior change rather than focusing on feelings and cognitions • Cultures that want a practical approach to making things better • Counselor questions: • Tell me more about the influence that (cultural aspect) has played in your life • What can you share with me about your background that will help me fully understand you? • What challenges have you faced growing up in your culture? • What if anything about your background has been difficult for you? • How have you been able to draw on strengths and resources from your culture?

19. SFBT with Multicultural Populations • Limitations, “Client as Expert” • Many cultures elevate the professional as the expert and want direction and solutions from you • Making the client the expert shows lack of confidence in the therapists ability • If clients want ideas because it is culturally proper, the therapist may discuss what these ideas would consist of which keeps the session solution focused

20. Contributions and Strengths • Optimistic orientation • Non-pathologizing stance • In group work the questioning is very positive and future oriented • Brief approach with promising results • Outcome studies show positive and effective outcomes

21. Limitations • Some group members think it is an end to itself with no set formulas or recipes • Untrained leaders are enamored by the techniques but may not have the right attitudes about them • The ability to use these questions in a genuine and respectful manner • Strength may not mesh with their experience which can cause conflict • Therapists need to learn how to use the clinical skills in a timely way • Make assessments, assist in formulating goals and effectively use interventions

22. SFBT Recap • Be POSITIVE • SOLUTIONS not problems • Problem talk stays with the problem • Change talk promotes change • QUESTIONS • Exception • Scaling • Miracle • LANGUAGE

23. References References Corey, G.(2008). Theory and Practice of Group Counseling (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. • Corey, G.(2008). Theory and Practice of Group Counseling (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.