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Social Psychology (Chapter 8). Lecture Outline : Norms and Roles Compliance and obedience Milgram and Zimbardo (M146). WOULD EVERYONE PLEASE STAND UP?. “Following the crowd”. What “norms” are you conforming to right now? Norms: Rules about how we are supposed to act
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Social Psychology (Chapter 8) Lecture Outline: Norms and Roles Compliance and obedience Milgram and Zimbardo (M146)
“Following the crowd” • What “norms” are you conforming to right now? • Norms: Rules about how we are supposed to act -Uncontrollable laughter during class, church -Conformity: Doing what others do, e.g., cross against red Roles: How people of certain identities should behave -e.g., Clean cut, well dressed bands vs. The Beatles • Culture: Shared rules, values, beliefs, pasttimes
Compliance: Doing what someone has asked you to do e.g., get on protest bus: what are we protesting? Obedience: Following orders e.g., we can be cruel to others when ordered to be so Cults are examples of conformity, compliance, and obedience out of control Compliance and Obedience
Milgram Study • Would people violate their own ethical standards and obey instructions to be cruel to others? • 66% to 90% will deliver unreasonable levels of electric shock when told “the experiment requires that you continue” • “Victim” behavior did not matter, even screams, heart condition, silence • Disobedience was common when experimenter was a normal person, experimenter left the room, victim was in room, peers refused to obey, or two experimenters gave conflicting demands
Zimbardo study • Random assignment as a “prisoner” or “guard” • Mock jail in basement of psychology building • Guards controlled prisoner life, but became abusive, overstepped their authority, quickly adapted to role • Premature termination of the study was required, prisoners were greatly relieved
Crimes of obedience • No personal responsibility, authority is to be blamed for your action “Just following orders” • Routinization, making the abuse seem normative, minimal, “part of procedure” • Rules of good manners, abusing others because you do not know how to stop “Could not say no” • Entrapment. People become more violent and extreme when isolated and are heavily invested in what they are doing, e.g., Alcatraz prison guards got “Carried away”
Entry into university • What roles are taken on during frosh orientation? • “Frosh boss” takes on role of authority • New students expect to play role of obedient new person • Potentially abusive/ exploitive, thus must be watched very closely to ensure experience is positive: Must ensure informative & non-discriminatory • Purpose: Group identity formation, attitude change, new role adoption, transition • Similar to “hazing rituals” for sports, groups
Frosh Boss Principles: This is not Zimbardo • Respect • Communication • Collaboration • Balance and moderation • Accountability • Acceptance