1 / 62

Introduction to Electronic Access Control

Introduction to Electronic Access Control. Basic Electricity, Electric Locking Hardware and Access Control Systems. By Paul Chandler of IDN–Inc. What Is Electricity?. Movement of “free electrons” between atoms. What is Electricity?.

zoltan
Download Presentation

Introduction to Electronic Access Control

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Electronic Access Control Basic Electricity, Electric Locking Hardware and Access Control Systems. By Paul Chandler of IDN–Inc.

  2. What Is Electricity? • Movement of “free electrons” between atoms

  3. What is Electricity? • The tendency to inhibit the movement of free electrons is called “resistance” • Some elements are good “conductors” • Some elements are poor “conductors”

  4. What Is A Circuit? • Power Source • Load • Conductors • Switches

  5. Basic Circuit + Load Power Supply - Switch

  6. Ohm’s Law • E = I X R • E is Electromotive Force or Volts • I is Current or Amps • R is Resistance or Ohms • Ohm’s Law is an Equation

  7. E I R Ohm’s Law

  8. Power Formula • P = I X E • P is Power or Watts • I is Current or Amps • E is Electromotive Force or Volts • Power Formula is also an Equation

  9. P I E Power Formula

  10. AC and DC • DC is Direct Current – Electrons move in only one direction • AC is Alternating Current – Electrons change direction 120 times a second

  11. DC - Direct Current + DIRECT CURRENT Load Power Supply - Switch

  12. AC - Alternating Current + ALTERNATING CURRENT Load Power Supply - Switch

  13. AC and DC • AC is distributed by the power company • AC is safer at high voltages • DC is produced by a battery • DC produces a stronger electromagnetic field

  14. Transformers • Used to reduce voltage • Class 2 transformers are power limited • Internal fuse or circuit breaker prevent too much current flow • Choose between “plug-in” and “wire-in” • Specify Voltage and Power, expressed in “VA” volt-amps

  15. Power Supplies • Convert AC to DC • Regulate voltage output • Filter noise and ripple • Over-current protection • Battery charge circuit

  16. Batteries • Sealed, rechargeable battery • Rated by volts and “Amp-Hours”

  17. Batteries • Connect batteries in “parallel” for more amp-hours Charger +- PARALLEL BATTERIES 8 AMP-HOURS + - 12VDC 4 AH Battery + - 12VDC 4 AH Battery

  18. Batteries • Connect batteries in “series” for higher voltage Charger + - SERIES BATTERIES 24 VDC + - 12VDC 4 AH Battery + - 12VDC 4 AH Battery

  19. Circuits • Closed Circuit: Current can flow + CLOSED CIRCUIT Load Power Supply - Switch

  20. Circuits • Open Circuit: Current flow is interrupted + OPEN CIRCUIT Load Power Supply - Switch

  21. Circuits • Short Circuit: Unintended current path, parallel to load, low ohms / high amps + SHORT CIRCUIT Load Power Supply - Switch

  22. Circuits • Series Circuit: Two or more loads in series Load 1 + SERIES CIRCUIT Load 2 Power Supply - Switch

  23. Circuits • Parallel Circuit: Two or more loads in parallel + PARALLEL CIRCUIT Load 1 Load 2 Power Supply - Switch

  24. Parallel and Series Loads • Two or more loads (or resistors) in series: Add the ohms. Load 1 + 2 OHMS SERIES CIRCUIT Load 2 Power Supply 4 OHMS 6 OHMS - Switch

  25. Parallel and Series Loads • Two or more loads (or resistors) in parallel: Add 1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/R3 = 1/Rtotal + PARALLEL CIRCUIT Load 1 Load 2 Power Supply 1.3 OHMS 2 OHMS 4 OHMS - Switch

  26. Electrical Diagrams • Schematic: Shows interconnection of various components + PARALLEL CIRCUIT Load 1 Load 2 Power Supply - Switch

  27. Electrical Diagrams • Riser: Shows wire requirements between components POWER SUPPLY 22AWG 6 COND. SHIELDED 18 AWG 2 COND. ACCESS CONTROL PANEL CARD READER ELECTRIC STRIKE REMOTE RELEASE

  28. Electrical Diagrams • Elevation: Shows relative placement of components PIR INSIDE OUTSIDE MAG CARD READER REX 42” 42”

  29. Voltage Variables • Voltage Drop: Change in voltage caused by resistance of conductor or load • Brownout: Voltage reduction caused by demand on the circuit • Spikes: Momentary high voltage, often related to lightning • Inductive Kickback: Spike caused by collapsing magnetic field

  30. Wire and Cable • Solid or Stranded conductor • Conductor thickness measured in AWG smaller number = thicker conductor • Insulation material determines “general purpose”, “plenum” or “riser” cable • Shielded cable protects data from interference

  31. Multi-Meters • Voltage tested on “live” circuit in parallel with the load + VOLTAGE Load Power Supply - Switch

  32. Multi-Meters • Amps tested on “live” circuit in series with the load + CURRENT Load Power Supply - Switch

  33. Multi-Meters • Ohms tested on “dead” circuit in series with the load Continuity checks for a closed circuit + RESISTANCE Load Power Supply - Switch

  34. Switches • Used to open or close a circuit • Maintained switches can be toggled from open to closed, etc. • Momentary switches return to a “normal” open or closed condition

  35. Switches • SPST = Single pole, single throw • SPDT = Single pole, double throw SPST SPDT

  36. Switches • DPST = Double pole, single throw • DPDT = Double pole, double throw DPST DPDT

  37. Switches • Use a double pole exit switch for “Double Break” lock control Mag Lock DOUBLE- BREAK R E X Access Control Panel Power supply nc c c nc

  38. Switches • Fail Safe locks require normally closed switches in series + Fail Safe Power Supply - N C Switch N CSwitch

  39. Switches • Fail Secure locks require normally open switches in parallel + Fail Secure Power Supply - Switch

  40. Relays • Relays are electrically operated switches • “Form C” relays are SPDT switches • “Dry Contact” relays have electrically isolated coil and contacts. • Latching relays stay activated until reset

  41. Relays • Relays are used in all access controllers • Relays can be radio-controlled • Relays are included in passive infrared motion detectors for egress control • Relays are built into touch-sensitive exit bars

  42. Timers • 7-Day / 24-Hour timers used to schedule door locking/unlocking • Delay timers used to keep door unlocked without holding in a switch • All access controllers have delay timers • Some access controllers have scheduling timers

  43. Electro-Mechanical Locks • Solenoid-Operated bolts • Cabinet locks • Electrified locksets • Electric latch retraction panic devices • Electric trim for panic devices • Strike actuated mortise locks

  44. Electro-Mechanical Locks • Disadvantage: Mechanical wear • Disadvantage: Binding under load • Disadvantage: Power out to the door • Advantage: Mechanical egress • Advantage: Hardware compatibility • Advantage: Use on fire-labeled doors

  45. Electro-Magnetic Locks “Mag Locks” use pure magnetism to secure a door or gate Options include door status and bond sensing circuits

  46. Electro-Magnetic Locks Available in 600 to 2000 pound models

  47. Electro-Magnetic Locks • Inswing doors require special hardware

  48. Electro-Magnetic Locks • Shear locks are used for sliding and double-acting doors • Movable strike plate interlocks with magnet surface

  49. Electro-Magnetic Locks • Disadvantage: Switch required to exit • Disadvantage: Aesthetically unattractive • Advantage: Easy to install • Advantage: Low power requirement • Advantage: Inherently Fail Safe • Advantage: Excellent physical security

  50. Electric Strikes • Companion to mechanical lock • Available Fail Secure or Fail Safe • Disadvantage: Lower physical security • Disadvantage: Difficult to install • Advantage: Mechanical egress • Advantage: Aesthetically neutral • Advantage: Retain mechanical key

More Related