Chapter 3 Structure of colonial administration

1. Chapter 3 Structure of colonial administration • What we learnt • Increasing hold of british parliament over the East India Company with no change in the nature and purpose of governance. • Traders interests were subordinated to the industrialist interest. • Agencies or pillars of government –civil service

2. Chapter 4.RURAL LIFE AND SOCIETY What we will learn Aims and objectives of British land revenue policy.

3. Three new systems of lands rights: Permanent settlement(Zamindari), Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system. • Impact of the three systems ,separately and collectively. • Commercialization of agriculture. • Revolts of peasantry.

4. Permanent settlement • Bihar and Bengal • It made status of Zamindars raised and now hereditary. Owner of land.89% was required to pay and retain 11% with himself. • If zamindars failed to collect the revenue then new zamindars appointed and revenue was fixed. • Results: created new class,polictical allies of Britishers,wasteland came under cultivation,collection of taxes in oppresive manner

5. Mahalwari System • Area: parts of North western province, punjab, Delhi ,central India and western U.P. • Under this Villagers were put together into groups were called Mahal. Land revenue was fixed at 60 % of the product.

6. Ryotwari System • Under this sytem no intermediary between state and peasantry. • Revenue was collected with strictness. • Peasants had to borrow money to pay to the money lenders

7. Impact of this systems. • Britishers crushed entire agriculture economy. • Britishers created new class of zamindars. • Nothing was done to imporve the condition of agriculture and peasnats. • High revenue was collected even though crops failed.

8. Prepare a table to show all the 3 land revenue system with its later impacts .