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Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life

Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life. American History. Southern Colonies. Southern Colonies had warm climates and good soil, which were good for growing crops Because of many cash crops growing in the South, southern farmers needed a lot of manpower to grow the crops

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Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life

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  1. Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life American History

  2. Southern Colonies • Southern Colonies had warm climates and good soil, which were good for growing crops • Because of many cash crops growing in the South, southern farmers needed a lot of manpower to grow the crops • Many indentured servants who were free began to leave the plantations in order to buy lands around America • Planters tried to make Native Americans to work, but many died from European diseases

  3. Slavery and its effects • As a result of increased need for work, planters took enslaved Africans and used them for work • worked at growing rice, tobacco, cotton, and indigo, a plant used for coloring clothes • Because of profits from cash crops, the planter class became the most powerful and wealthiest class in the Southern colonies • controlled most of the land in the South

  4. Slave Life • Some planters were good to their slaves, while others were tyrants • On plantations, slaves worked in groups of 25 under an overseer, or men hired to watch over and direct the slaves while working • slaves worked 15 hours a day • slaves lived in one room cabins that had sleeping cots in them only • slaves didn’t receive a lot of food for the week, only enough to survive • despite hardships, many slaves kept their traditions and customs alive

  5. Attempted rebellions and their aftermaths • Some slaves fought against their enslavement by working slow, damaging crops, or carrying out order in the wrong way • Some slaves, so angry at their masters, rose up in rebellion • most were put down easily • As a result of the rebellions, slave masters established stricter slave codes, or a set of laws that regulated slavery and defined the relationship between the slave and their master

  6. New England Colonies • New England had long winters, rocky soil, and had a large English population • New England farming was short, due to the short growing season, so many practiced subsistence farming • farmers produced enough food for them, plus a little extra • Many in New England lived in a town • farmers surrounded a green square, or the center of the town

  7. Fishing and Trade • Since farming was difficult, many turned towards the sea to fish • Atlantic provided great fishing grounds • oak trees provided good ships • New England settlers established three types of trade: • 1) Traded with other colonies • 2) Traded with European countries • 3) Triangular Trade-route with three stops • 1) Ship from New England brought rum and iron to Africa • 2) Ship from Africa brought slaves and gold to West Indies • 3) Ship from West Indies brought sugar and molasses to colonies

  8. The Middle Colonies • Middle Colonies had shorter winters, fertile soil, and populations from all over Europe • many of those immigrants were German and Dutch, who brought knowledge of farming • The longer growing season allowed the Middle Colonies to produce cash crops • raised to be sold for money (fruits, vegetables, and grain) • Mills were extremely important to the Middle Colonies • animal and man power were used to crush corn, wheat, rye, and other crops

  9. Middle Colony Society • Since many different immigrants lived in the Middle Colonies, there was a great surge of diversity, or variety of peoples • a majority of immigrants, besides English, were German • came as indentured servants escaping religious persecution • The region’s diversity allowed for tolerance to spread throughout communities • many practiced religious tolerance, or allowing other religions to practice without persecution • Quakers allowed other religions to practice in Pennsylvania

  10. The Navigation Acts • From major profits in New England, the Navigation Acts were passed to ensure that England continued to make money from the colonies • Even with the Navigation Acts, England had trouble controlling shipping • smuggling (importing and exporting goods illegally) was common • pirates interfered with colonial shipping from the colonies • New Englanders in large towns owned slaves • worked as house servants, since farming was scarce • Interest in business and competition with other religions caused the decline of Puritan society in New England

  11. Control in the New England Colonies • The king of England appointed governors to rule the colonies on his behalf • colonists disliked the idea because the had no representation in Parliament to argue it • King James II collected the Northern colonies and made them in New England, which was governed by a governor • angered the colonists because it ended their representative bodies and they could hold town meetings only once a year

  12. The Glorious Revolution • A revolution in England swept the governors of the colonies from power • Parliament overthrew James II for not respecting the peoples’ rights • James fled the country, and his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William, became rulers of England • The Glorious Revolution • After William and Mary took over, they agreed to uphold the English Bill of Rights • an agreement to respect the English citizens and Parliament • king and queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes without Parliament agreeing • established that the government was to be based on laws made by Parliament

  13. Life for Women in Colonial America • The colonies, especially in New England, began to thrive • land ownership determined success and social position • Women did many things around the land to support the family • tended to crops and made products to trade and use for the family • Even though they did a lot for the family, women did not have many rights • could not vote, preach, hold office, own property, and all moneys earned had to go to the husband, if she were married

  14. Life for Children in Colonial America • Children also worked to support their family and their land • children ages 3-4 looked after animals and picked berries • boys age 6 helped their fathers tend to the land • boys age 11 became apprentices, or students of a professional craftsman • received food, clothing, lodging, and education, specifically in the craft they were learning • boys age 18 would start their own business with the craft they learned • girls learned household skills, and were sent to other households to learn other skills

  15. Education and Religion in Colonial America • Education was a large factor in the growth of the colonies • wealthy children learned reading, writing, and arithmetic • poor children went to “dame schools”, where they were taught the alphabet • Colonists published newspapers, poems, books, and autobiographies to increase reading and education • In the 1730’s and 1740’s, a great religious movement swept through the colonies, teaching those who listened to continue to believe in God • The Great Awakening • Another movement during this time emphasized on reason, logic, and science • The Enlightenment

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