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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. The Rise of Progressivism. Varieties of Progressivism. Anti-Monopoly: the fear of centralized power Social Cohesion: individuals are not autonomous but part of a great web Knowledge: applying the principles of natural and social sciences to society

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 The Rise of Progressivism

  2. Varieties of Progressivism • Anti-Monopoly: the fear of centralized power • Social Cohesion: individuals are not autonomous but part of a great web • Knowledge: applying the principles of natural and social sciences to society • Modern Government: must play a role to improve society

  3. SOCIAL REFORMERS • Jane Addams Pioneer in the field of social work who founded the settlement house movement through the establishment of Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. • Margaret Sanger Educated urban poor about the benefits of family planning through birth control. She founded the organization that became Planned Parenthood.

  4. Cont. • Booker T. Washington Former slave who founded the Tuskegee Institute that focused on teaching African-Americans trade skills to earn a living and gain the trust of white society. • W.E.B. DuBois Founder of the NAACP, and a Harvard-educated professor who focused on the need for a traditional liberal arts education for African-Americans who could then insist upon equal treatment and rights from white society

  5. Muckrakers • Crusading journalists who dug up things we did not want to see • Investigated government, labor unions, etc • Explored problems in child labor, prostitution, family, immigration

  6. Social Gospel • Started in 1900 • Christian welfare organization with military and ministry structure

  7. Hull House

  8. Hull House • Founded in Chicago by Jane Addams in 1889 • Helped immigrant families in language and customs • Led to the profession of Social Workers

  9. Rise in Professions • 1901 – American Medical Association • Women: • Social Workers • Nursing • Librarians • Grammar School teachers – 90% of professional women

  10. Women and Reform • Technology innovations (Tin Can, etc) • Declining family size • Rise in Education • Shunned marriage • “Boston Marriage” • Divorce rate goes up

  11. Women Suffrage

  12. Women Suffrage • The fight for women to vote • Supported by both men and women • National American Women Suffrage Association • 1893 – 13,000 • 1917 – 2 million • By 1919 – 39 states had granted women the right to vote in state elections

  13. Opponents • Threat to the natural order • Women were made mans helper • Man dominated society • Suffrage would lead to • Promiscuity • Looseness • Neglect of children

  14. THE ASSAULT ON THE PARTIES • Secret Ballot • Between 1880 – 1890 states adopted secret ballots • Australian Ballot • Printed at government expense • Distributed at the polls • Listed all candidates • Secret

  15. Municipal Reform • Commissioner Plan • Galveston Texas 1900 • Mayor and city council replaced by an elected nonpartisan commission • City-Manager Plan • Elected officials hire an outside expert

  16. State Reform • Most in the mid west (Wisconsin) • Initiative: going around the legislature and submit new legislation to the voter • Referendum: legislatures could submit actions to the voters • Direct Primary: give people the ability to pick candidates • Recall: ability for the voter to remove a public official from office

  17. CRUSASES FOR ORDER AND REFORM • Temperance Movement • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Largest women’s organization in American history – 1911 • Anti Saloon league • 18th Amend – Jan 1920 – prohibited sale, manufacture, distribution of alcohol in US

  18. Socialism • Agreed on the need for basic structural changes in the economy • Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) • Known as Wobblies • A single union for all workers and abolition of the “wage slave” system

  19. Progressive Era Amendments • 16th (1913)Granted Congress the power to tax income. • 17th (1913)Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. • 18th (1919)Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol. • 19th (1920)Provided women suffrage (voting).

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