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Women at Work

Women at Work. “Every woman is a working woman” “A woman’s work is never done.” “She works hard for her money, so you better treat her right!”. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JoeRt3SB98&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL14369997F0DF78FD 1:30

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Women at Work

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  1. Women at Work “Every woman is a working woman” “A woman’s work is never done.” “She works hard for her money, so you better treat her right!”

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JoeRt3SB98&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL14369997F0DF78FD 1:30 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLtBNplddp4&feature=g-vrec :30

  3. Women in the Workplace, 1950-2008

  4. The 10 most prevalent occupations for employed women in 2008 were: • Secretaries and administrative assistants: 3,168,000 • Registered nurses: 2,548,000 • Elementary and middle school teachers: 2,403,000 • Cashiers: 2,287,000 • Retail salespersons: 1,783,000 • Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides: 1,675,000 • Supervisors/managers of retail sales workers: 1,505,000 • Waiters and waitresses: 1,471,000 • Receptionists and information clerks: 1,323,000 • Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks: 1,311,000

  5. Wage Gap

  6. Carleton (Carly) S. Fiorina • Most powerful women in corporate America (“poster girl” for high-powered celebrity CEOs), resigned in `05, as CEO of Hewlett-Packard, after 5 years. • Criticized for bad results of acquiring Compaq Computer in 2002 and for having a personality that was “too powerful” • H-P’s shares rose 8% on day of resignation; Carly got $42 million in severance. • When she resigned, the number of women heading Fortune 500 companies dropped to 7.

  7. Carleton (Carly) S. Fiorina • Became Senator from CA in November `10. • In February 2009, diagnosed with breast cancer and had a double mastectomy • Early in her campaign for the Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer, Fiorina said: “after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore.”

  8. Why aren’t there more women CEOs? • Sex discrimination still exists. In 2004, Boeing paid $73 million to female employees who claimed the company paid them less and promoted them more slowly than men. Morgan Stanley paid $54 million to settle a similar suit. • But many traditional barriers are gone: law schools, MBA programs, undergraduate business majors are roughly 50% women. • Women start out equally strong as men at the corporate gate, but by their 30s and 40s their careers stall. • One explanation: for women, the prime career-building years happen to coincide with the primary childbearing and child rearing years. In workaholic culture, many highly capable women find a high-powered corporate career incompatible with a balanced family life.

  9. Why aren’t there more women CEOs? • Male executives who work long hours usually depend heavily on wives who are full-time homemakers; very few women have stay-at-home husbands. • One in three women with an MBA was not working full time (compared to 1 in 20 for men). 20 of Fortune’s top 50 “most powerful women” had left their big-time jobs; most said they preferred the “rewards” of a sane home life to the money and prestige of the corner office. • “Most women don’t even get to the glass ceiling. They are stopped by the maternal wall.” • Situation will not probably change in foreseeable future. Companies driven more by profit than job-sharing, flex time, and part-time schedules.

  10. “Glass Ceiling”

  11. “Ambition Gap” • http://www.bloomberg.com/video/85189956/stop at 3:30

  12. “Women in Business” Annual advertising section of West Essex Tribune • The Great Frame Up, Weichert Realtors, Livingston Wallpaper and Design Center, Precious Cargo, Whisperwind Designs, Natural Permanent Makeup, Gail Lowenstein Realtors, PIP Printing Services, Donna’s Kids & Co., Dragon Kim’s Karate USA, Harmonic Concepts

  13. Equal Pay for Women? • The average 25-year-old women who works full time, year round, until age 65 will earn $523,000 less than the average working man. • At the current rate of change, working women will not achieve equal pay until 2050, nearly 90 years after JFK signed the Equal Pay Act into law, prohibiting discrimination based on sex resulting in unequal pay for equal work. • On average, women make 78% of men’s wages, according to a 2003 study by the U.S. Dept. of Labor. Better the 62% from 25 years ago.

  14. Equal Pay for Women? • Female doctors only earn 58 % of male counterparts’ salaries. In predominantly female fields like nursing and teaching, female nurse earn 91% and female teachers 87%. • One researcher attributes the pay gap to women not wanting to put themselves forward as candidates for competition. Many women did not apply for higher jobs because they believed that they needed more time and preparation; ironically, those who applied had more success than their male counterparts. • Despite pay gap, several studies indicate that despite receiving lower raises, fewer bonuses and having lower expectations for being promoted, women more likely to report than men to be happy with their jobs.

  15. Women in the Workforce: the Beginnings of Equality • Background: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on sex. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 amended Title VII to make clear that discrimination on the basis of pregnancy was discrimination • Should mothers work? / What is women’s work? • Phillips vs. Martin Marietta (1971): women with school-age children rejected from assembly jobs. Supreme Court said employer could not have one standard for men and another for women. • Satty vs. Nashville Gas Co. (1977): Employer required pregnant employees to take unpaid leaves of absence and lose seniority. Supreme Court said policy “imposed a burden on women that men need not suffer.” School districts did this, too. • Stroud vs. Delta Airlines (1977): Unlawful to require that stewardess be unmarried, and subject stewardesses to weight requirements.

  16. Women in the Workforce: the Beginnings of Equality • Should women perform “men’s work”? • Weeks vs. Southern Bell Tel. Co. (1969): Supreme Court rejected employer’s claim that women were unable to perform switchmen’s jobs because it was too strenuous. “Title VII rejects this type of romantic paternalism as unduly Victorian and instead vests individual women with the power to decide whether or not to take on unromantic tasks.” • Rosenfeld vs. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. (1971): Supreme Court found it unlawful to limit women’s working hours and the amount of weight they could lift. • Rawlinson vs. Dothard County (Alabama) 1977: Supreme Court sided with employer that women had to meet height / weight requirements to work as prison guard for male prisoners, 20% of whom were sex offenders. • Other issues for women in non-traditional jobs: (a) conditions or toxins posing special threat to women of childbearing age; and (b) using tools engineered for average male, not female

  17. Lily Ledbetter • 2009 - Obama signed the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act • Victims of pay discrimination to file a complaint with the government against their employer within 180 days of their last paycheck. • Previously, victims (most often women) were only allowed 180 days from the date of the first unfair paycheck. • This Act is named after a former employee of Goodyear who alleged that she was paid 15–40% less than her male counterparts, which was later found to be accurate.

  18. Sexual Harassment • A form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature = harassment when submission or rejection affects employment or interferes with work performance • Harasser may be man or woman. Victim does not have to be of opposite sex • Harasser can be superior, subordinate, co-worker or non-employee

  19. Fired gorilla caretakers allege sex harassment • In CA, in `05: two female caretakers for Koko, the world-famous, 33-year-old female, sign-language speaking gorilla who mastered over 1,000 signs, sued their former bosses • claimed they were pressured by female boss to expose their breasts as a way of bonding with the 300-pound gorilla. • Threatened that if they “did not indulge Koko’s nipple fetish, their employment would suffer.” • The women never undressed. • Seeking $1 million in damages.

  20. “Borgata Babes” • When they heard about the exclusive lounge, free access to the spa, women from all over wanted to be cocktail waitresses – the new Playboy Bunnies - at Atlantic City’s new Borgata casino • Earlier in `05 the casino imposed new weight standards: The “girls” can get fired if they gain too much weight. And they’re given a “uniform” that’s one size too small. • Several Borgata babes say the policy is simply humiliating. The union that represents the waitresses says it's discrimination. The state Division of Civil Rights has launched an investigation • A "babe" can't have mayo on her sandwich or fries on the side without unofficial diet cops asking if she really needs it. Gamblers and dealers have started a new game: guess a "babe's" weight.

  21. “Borgata Babes” • July ‘08: Two former Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa cocktail servers have settled a $70 million sex discrimination lawsuit they brought against the casino.Claimed the casino humiliated the costumed waitresses by imposing weight limits, encouraging breast augmentation surgery and emphasizing looks over job performance.The women had claimed the weight-limit policy -- which threatened suspensions if female cocktail servers gained more than 7 percent of their body weight -- forced them off the job.

  22. Real Nurses Want “Naughty Nurse" Off Menu • Oct. 2006: Nurses are asking an Arizona theme restaurant to change one small thing about the "naughty nurse" outfits its waitresses wear: omit the "nurse" part. • The nurses argue that Tempe's Heart Attack Grill is exploiting harmful stereotypes at the worst time for their profession. The Grill, which sells "double bypass" burgers, boasts that its food is "worth dying for." • But that's a result the nurses say really will become more likely if they cannot overcome nursing's status as the most sexually-fantasized-about  job on the planet and resolve the worst shortage in its history. • The restaurant web site displays scantily-clad "nurses" serving burgers and beer mainly to young males, sitting on their laps and pushing them in wheelchairs. • It is the frequent association of nursing with sex that discourages real nurses, encourages sexual abuse, and drives understaffing • 54% of British men have sexual fantasies about nurses--more than about any other profession--and that 47% of women dream about "firemen."

  23. Hooters • A restaurant that started in FL in 1983 • The looks of the waitresses are a main selling feature. • A Hooters Girl is are recognizable by their uniform of a white tank top with the "Hootie the Owl" logo and the location name on the front paired with the famously short nylon orange runner shorts • Originally, the shirts were white cotton, pulled tight and knotted in the back to emphasize the breasts. "Hooters" is slang for "breasts" in some American parlance.

  24. Hooters • In 1997, men from Chicago and Maryland sued Hooters after being denied jobs • Each received $15,000. The settlement allows Hooters to continue luring customers with a female staff of Hooters Girls. • But the chain also agreed to create a few other support jobs, like bartenders and hosts, that must be filled without regard to sex. • In 2004 it was found job applicants to a Hooters in CA were secretly filmed while undressing, prompting a civil suit • In May 2010, a lawsuit was filed against Hooters in Michigan after an employee was given a job performance review and was told "that her shirt and short size could use some improvement"

  25. Hooters Employee Handbook: • Customers can go to many places for wings and beer, but it is our Hooters Girls who make our concept unique. Hooters offers its customers the look of the "All American Cheerleader, Surfer, Girl Next Door." • Female employees are required to sign that they "acknowledge and affirm" the following: • My job duties require I wear the designated Hooters Girl uniform. • My job duties require that I interact with and entertain the customers. • The Hooters concept is based on female sex appeal and the work environment is one in which joking and entertaining conversations are commonplace. • I do not find my job duties, uniform requirements, or work environment to be offensive, intimidating, hostile, or unwelcome.

  26. Hooters actively supports charities through its “Hooters Community Endowment Fund”, also known as “HOO.C.E.F.”, a play on “UNICEF”. • It has provided money and/or volunteers to charities such as Habitat for Humanity, The V Foundation for Cancer Research, Make-a-Wish Foundation, Special Olympics, and Stop Hunger Now. • After the death of a former Hooters Girl on the cover of the Hooters calendar, Hooters began a campaign against breast cancer • Hooters also support the military and runs an annual national promotion dubbed "Operation: Calendar Drop" and has sent over 100,000 Hooters Calendars to service men and women • Hooters calls it "Operation Let Freedom Wing"

  27. in Singapore Calendar Girl Melissa Poe

  28. Other “Breast-aurants” • Twin Peaks, Tilted Kilt, Mugs `n Jugs • Attract male customers with burgers, beer, giant-screen TVs, and scantily clad waitresses • Twin Peaks’ waitresses also wear bikinis for car wash promotions • Tilted Kilt uses the school girl costume as its main appeal

  29. Twin Peaks

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