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Genetics and common genetic disorders

Genetics and common genetic disorders. By. Constance. Genetics. Genetics is the study of heredity. Heredity is the genes passed from parent to offspring. Every child inherits genes from both parents. Genes can carry diseases and disorders that could be passed on to the baby.

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Genetics and common genetic disorders

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  1. Genetics and common genetic disorders By. Constance

  2. Genetics • Genetics is the study of heredity. • Heredity is the genes passed from parent to offspring. • Every child inherits genes from both parents. • Genes can carry diseases and disorders that could be passed on to the baby. • Genetic material is located in the nucleus of a cell. • Genes are located in the chromosome. • Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes which are paired up to make 23 pairs. • Chromosomes are made up of DNA.

  3. Sex Chromosomes • The egg cell of a woman contains 23 chromosomes. • The sperm cell of a man also contains 23 chromosomes. • One chromosome of the egg cell is a X chromosome and one chromosome of the sperm cell is either a X or Y chromosome. • If the sperm cell passes a X chromosome the baby will be female, if a Y chromosome is passed the baby will be a boy.

  4. Genetic Disorders • A condition caused by an absent or defective gene or by a chromosome aberration.

  5. Examples of Genetic Disorders • Cystic fibrosis • Tay-Sachs • Sickle-cell disease • Progeria • Hypertrichosis • EpidermodysplasiaVerruciformis • Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

  6. Down Syndrome • A developmental disorder • cause by a additional copy of chromosome • People with this disorder have a flat face, broad nose, and are mentally challenged. • Have higher risk of having hearing and visual problems, respiratory infections, leukemia and heart related conditions. • Life expectancy is about 50 years old. • Mothers older than 35 years old often give birth to children with down syndrome.

  7. Huntington’s disease • Affects speech, thought and movements • Symptoms appear around 30 to 50 years of age • Progresses causing more problems • People with this disease needs a lot of medical care, and drugs.

  8. Alzheimer’s disease • Affect the brain, memory, thought and language • Usually affects older people • People with this disease start to lose the ability to think and remember things, • There is no cure

  9. Sickle Cell anemia • Red blood cells become rigid • There is less oxygen for the body and the organs • Have growth problems. • People with this genetic disorder live 30 to 40 years. • Patients need blood transfusions, plenty of water and avoidance of exercise and stress.

  10. Galactosemia • Caused by the lack of the enzyme, GATL • may cause enlarged liver, kidney failure and retardation • dietary restrictions in early life may help prevent this • Patients must avoid milk and dairy products

  11. Resources • http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Genetics.aspx • http://ic.steadyhealth.com/top_5_most_common_genetic_diseases.html • http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/humgenetics2.html • http://io9.com/10-unusual-genetic-mutations-in-humans-470843733

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