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Proximity Antenna Training for 13.56 MHz

Directly matched antenna. Proximity Antenna Training for 13.56 MHz. Directly matched antenna. RC500 RC400 (or other Reader). Rx. Rx- Circuit. Tx. Matching. Matching. Antenna. Z=700 . Z=700 . EMC- Filter. Directly matched antenna. !. load impedance = 700. 1) Matching.

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Proximity Antenna Training for 13.56 MHz

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  1. Directly matched antenna Proximity Antenna Training for 13.56 MHz

  2. Directly matched antenna RC500 RC400 (or other Reader) Rx Rx- Circuit Tx Matching Matching Antenna Z=700 Z=700 EMC- Filter Directly matched antenna

  3. ! load impedance = 700 1) Matching 1) Matching 2) Resonance resonance at 13.56 MHz 4) Q-factor quality factor  35 quality factor  100 6) Receive Circuit Directly matched antenna Requirements: 2) Resonance 3) Tuning 4) Q-factor 5) Finetuning

  4. Directly matched antenna 3) Tuning 4) Q-factor 5) Finetuning 6) Receive Circuit Guideline: 1) Matching • Design a coil • Calculate the parallel capacitance • Tune resonance and impedance • Connect antenna to the RC500 • Tune again • Check (and adjust) the Q-factor • Finetune resonance and impedance • Find the values for Rx-circuit 2) Resonance 3) Tuning 4) Q-factor 5) Finetuning 6) Receive Circuit

  5. Directly matched antenna Complete antenna Antenna Coil

  6. RCoil La Estimation: La+b = L: coil inductance l: length of the conductor circular: l = 2**r (r=coil radius) square l = 4*a (a lateral length) d: diameter of the conductor N: number of turns : shape factor  =1.07 for circular coils =1.54 for square coils Lb RCoil Directly matched antenna Antenna coil L and R of the antenna coil shall be measured at 13.56 MHz (impedance analyser or L-C-R Meter). @13.56 MHz!

  7. RCoil 1.5 L [µH] 1 0.5 La 0 5 10 15 20 antenna radius [cm] 2 Lb N RCoil 1 0 5 10 15 20 antenna radius [cm] Directly matched antenna Antenna coil

  8. Directly matched antenna Simplification Due to the symmetrical circuitry of the whole antenna the antenna can be simplified:

  9. MIFARE Q = 35 • I*CODE Q = 100 General: Consider the power consumption! Directly matched antenna Calculate the external resistor

  10. with Directly matched antenna Calculate the capacitors Remark: there is an Excel-Sheet available, that supports this calculation.

  11. 1 2 measured calculated Directly matched antenna Estimation: Startvalues for the tuning

  12. Start tune phase to 0° ± 10° with C2 possible ? fres>13.56MHz ? increase C2 no yes yes no decrease C2 Z < Zant-10%? yes decrease C1 no Tuning OK |Z|=Zant ± 10% phase=0° ± 10° Z >Zant+10% ? yes no increase C1 Directly matched antenna Tune resonance and impedance

  13. 80 3500 13.56 MHz 60 3000 40 2500 20 2000 0 1500 |Zin| [] phase [deg.] -20 2000 -40 Zant 1500 -60 1000 -80 500 phase -100 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 f [MHz] Directly matched antenna Tune resonance and impedance

  14. Directly matched antenna Connect Antenna to the RC500 Guideline: • Design a coil • Calculate the parallel capacitance • Tune resonance and impedance • Connect antenna to the RC500 • Tune again • Check (and adjust) the Q-factor • Finetune resonance and impedance • Find the values for Rx-circuit

  15. Start Matching Circuit Antenna Find dmax R C1a Add C C < 10 pF Find dmax C2a C La distance increased ? yes C2b Lb decrease C2 no R no C is added C1b yes no remove C add 2* C to C2a add 2* C to C2b Directly matched antenna Tune resonance and impedance

  16. PHILIPS Channel A: 500mV/DIV Timebase: 1µs/DIV 2.5µs 95% A send request command “Antenna Loop” Reader Directly matched antenna Checking the Q-Factor

  17. Modulator Source Switch 0 1 2 3 Serial Data OUT Envelope Tx Miller Coder Modulator Driver Mfin Pin3 Decoder Source Switch Serial Data IN Manchester OUT Subcarrier Demodulator Carrier Demodulator Manchester Decoder Rx Pin 29 Manchester w. Subcarrier Mfout Pin 4 0 1 2 3 Envelope MFout Select Switch Transmit NRZ RFU Subcarrier Demodulator 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 Digital Test Signal Directly matched antenna RC500 Serial Signal Switch

  18. RC500 test signals Pin 4 (3): Transmit NRZ 2V/Dev. Pin 4 (2): Envelope 2V/Dev. RFOut 0.5V/Div. time in msec Directly matched antenna Checking the Q-Factor

  19. Directly matched antenna Check Guideline: • Design a coil • Calculate the parallel capacitance • Tune resonance and impedance • Connect antenna to the RC500 • Tune resonance and impedance • Check (and adjust) the Q-factor • Finetune resonance and impedance • Find the values for Rx-circuit

  20. Startvalue: Insert RX-Circuitry Check the card’s answer with oscilloscope (trigger on Pin 4, Envelope) Get the max. operating distance send request command Check the received signal at the RC500 (Pin 4, Manchester) Reader Adjust R1 (valid Manchester at min. and max operating distance) Directly matched antenna Check the cards answer “Antenna-Loop” Attention: Input voltage at Pin 29 (Rx) shall not exceed ± 1.5V!

  21. RC500 test signals RFOut 1V/Dev. Pin 4 (4): Manchester with Subcarrier 2V/Dev. Pin 4 (5): Manchester 2V/Dev. time in msec Directly matched antenna Checking the Q-Factor

  22. 3) Tuning 4) Q-factor 5) Finetuning 6) Receive Circuit Directly matched antenna Summary 1) Matching • Design a coil • Calculate the parallel capacitance • Tune resonance and impedance • Connect antenna to the RC500 • Tune resonance and impedance • Check (and adjust) the Q-factor • Finetune resonance and impedance • Find the values for Rx-circuit 2) Resonance 3) Tuning 4) Q-factor 5) Finetuning 6) Receive Circuit

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