A Virtual Field Trip to Paris, France

1. A Virtual Field Trip to Paris, France Welcome Trip Glossary Trip Objectives France Travel Journal

2. Bienvenue/Welcome Travelers! This Virtual Field Trip will provide you with access to the resources needed to complete the collaborative Art and French Assignment outlined in the Assignment description. Home

3. Virtual Field Trip Glossary (Architectural)Landmark-A structure that has significant historical, architectural, or cultural meaning and that has been given legal protection from alteration and destruction. (http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/landmark) (Artistic) Masterpiece-awork done with extraordinary skill; a supreme intellectual or artistic achievement. (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/masterpiece) (Cultural/Religious)Traditions-Tradition is a constant process across time and in time, linking past with present, thus ensuring continuity.  It is also dynamic and ever-changing as culture and societal needs alter.  On of the elusive but preserving cultural bases which bind people to one another, it unites individuals and refutes the isolation and insularity man as a social being fears. (Mary Ellen Brown, Burns and Tradition (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1984, p. xii) Repousse-method of decorating metals in which parts of the design are raised in relief from the back or the inside of the article by means of hammers and punches. Façade-the front of a building; any face of a building given special architectural treatment. (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/498439/repousse) (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facade)

4. Trip Objectives • Describe the political history of France listing the countries leaders from the earliest government to today • Explain what caused the French Revolution to occur. • List the names of the 26 Regions under the current French Government • Explain the history behind the construction of what is now called the Louvre. • Explain the history of the Orsay Museum. • Explain the history of Notre Dame Cathedral • Describe the effects of the German occupation of World War II on the city of Paris • Describe the role of the French Government in the leadership of the European Union • Explain the history of the Eiffel Tower and it’s connection to the United States. • Explain the history behind the construction of what is now called the Louvre.

5. Travel Journals As part of this project, you will keep a 2 part travel journal. This travel journal will consist of two separate items. The first item consists of an online blog that you will maintain to share your experiences while working to achieve each of the trip objectives. The second component is a reflective journal that will be submitted at the end of the VFT for grading. Unlike the blog that will give a brief report about your experiences, the reflective journal is to be an in-depth examination of your experiences along the way, how you reacted to these experiences and how the experience of this VFT has changed you. You are to be very specific giving concrete examples. The reflective journals will only be read by the instructor and will not be published or shared with classmates or other teachers.

6. Facts about France: • Population- 64,768,389 • Median Age-39.7 Years • Language-French (national language), many others spoken • Religions-Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish are the predominant religions • Schools/Education-Free public with private religious (mostly catholic) alternative • Careers/Employment: • agriculture: 3.8% • industry: 24.3% • services: 71.8% (2005) • (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html) • (http://www.justfrance.org/france/paris/city.asp) Next Slide

7. Some facts about Paris France Paris is the capital of the Republic of France, a country steeped in rich agricultural and technological traditions. It is also a Mecca for artists, poets and anyone seeking a culture of free expression and creativity. Prior to the French revolution (1789-1994), the governmental structure of France was that of a monarchy. Since the revolution and as a result of the establishment of the French constitution of 1958, the government of France has transitioned to what is now a nation-state with a freely elected president (Nicolas SarKozy) and parliament. Today, France is an integral player in what is now the European Union and continues, under the current leadership of President Sarkozy, to stress the importance of the EU. (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3842.htm#travel) Paris has long been the scene of artistic, musical and cultural creativity. It is also the gathering place for people from all over the globe. You need only to walk the streets or enter a downtown shop in Paris to hear and see the multitude of languages and cultures that make Paris the gathering place of the world it is today.

8. La Tour Eiffel/The Eiffel Tower http://www.tour-eiffel.com/multimedia Please click the hyperlink above to access information about the Eiffel Tower.

9. Designed by famed French engineer Gustav Eiffel, this masterpiece of engineering was constructed as a temporary focal point for the World Exhibition of 1889. Because the overwhelming response of not only the exhibition attendees but the French citizens themselves, the decision was made to keep the tower and it became one of the most memorable landmarks of the city of Paris. Photograph courtesy of the Eiffel Tower Website: http://www.tour-eiffel.com/everything-about-the-tower/gustave-eiffel

10. Among many of Gustave Eiffel’s accomplishments was the design of the steel structure or skeleton of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. Eiffel was commissioned by artist Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi to design the steel skeleton on which Bartholdi’s copper sculpture would be placed. "Statue of Liberty, Liberty Enlightening the World", which is the full title of Bartholdi's work was fashioned in the style of Greco-Roman art. Bartholdi used a technique called repousse to create her copper skin - hammering out each piece of copper until it was only 3/32 of an inch thick. Bartholdi recruited French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel to build a skeleton for his statue. Eiffel designed a massive iron pylon and secondary skeletal framework which allows the Statue's copper skin to move independently- yet stand upright. This flexibility is needed to allow the Statue to sway in the sometimes violent harbor winds.”(http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/index.htm) The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French people in commemoration of a long standing relationship established during the American Revolution. Photograph courtesy of http://www.nps.gov/stli/photosmultimedia/Winter-2009-2010.htm He was also a major engineer on the building of the Panama Canal.

11. Cathe`drale Notre Dame de Paris/ The Notre Dame Cathedral http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/-English- Please click the hyperlink above to access information about the Notre Dame Cathedral. Photograph courtesy of http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/The-west-facade

12. Construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral began in approximated 1163 and the final facades were completed in the early 14th Century. Additional modifications and renovations occurred in the 17th and 18th Century with on-going renovations occurring as late as 2004. During this time, the cathedral underwent various religious and political ownership until it was finally handed over to the Roman Catholic Church on April 18, 1802. Each architectural component of the cathedral was designed by an architect specifically chosen for that project and in accordance with the regulations of the current French political and church leader and under the watchful eye of the bishops and cardinals. The cathedral serves not only as a significant French historical landmark but as a active, roman catholic house of worship with several masses and religious services held daily. Photograph and information courtesy of http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/Liturgy-in-the-cathedral-church

13. Muse`e du Louvre/The Louvre Museum http://www.louvre.fr/llv/musee/visite_virtuelle.jsp?bmLocale=en Please click the hyperlink above for a brief virtual tour and to access additional information about the Louvre.

14. Originally constructed in 1190 as a fortress to protect the city from the invasion of Anglo-Norman military, the original construction was built not as a place of exhibition but rather as a means of protecting the reigning king and his subjects from attack by way of the nearby river Seine. The Louvre served in this capacity until the building of the Tuileries palace 500 meters away in the 16th and 17th Centuries. With this new palace in place, a plan to join the two structures resulted in what is now called the grand gallery or Grande Galerie.

15. This transformation into a place of exhibition continued under the reign of Kings Louis XIII, XIV and completed under Louis XV. After the revolution, the Louvre entered a time of intense transformation until King Charles X opened additional rooms and exhibition halls during the mid to late 19th Century. With the demolition of the Tuileries in 1882, the Louvre ceased to serve as a place of government and was transformed into a place of art and culture. Photographs and information courtesy of http://www.louvre.fr/llv/musee/histoire_louvre.jsp?bmLocale=en Image of King Louis XV of France courtesy of http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349082/Louis-XV

16. Muse`e d`Orsay/The Orsay Museum http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/overview.html Please click the hyperlink above for a brief virtual tour and to access information about the Orsay Museum.

17. The Orsay Museum, located on the banks of the river Seine, was originally built as the Orsay Railway Station. A showplace station built for the Universal Exhibition of 1900, the station was converted into a museum after a major construction project was initiated in 1978. On December 1, 1986, President Francois Mitterrand officially dedicated the new museum. Photo courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsay_Museum

18. Photo courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsay_Museum The Orsay Museum is home to an extensive collection of paintings, sculptures, photography. It is also a center of cultural, artistic and musical performances and exhibitions.

19. Au Revoir, Bon Voyage! As we depart from our brief tour of Paris, France you are asked to complete all assigned activities as well as your blog and travel journal entries. Please be sure to submit all assignments and entries by March 28th.

20. References http://www.tour-eiffel.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower Welcome Home! http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/-English- http://www.louvre.fr/llv/musee/visite_virtuelle.jsp?bmLocale=en http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/overview.html http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/landmark http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/masterpiece

21. (Mary Ellen Brown, Burns and Tradition (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1984, p. xii) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/498439/repousse http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facade