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3 PHASE STAR DELTA STAR AND POWER MEASURMENT REPRESENTATION

3 PHASE STAR DELTA STAR AND POWER MEASURMENT REPRESENTATION. ANKIT GAMIT ID.NO:13BEEEG120. Introduction. Power may be defined as the rate at which energy is transformed oe made available

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3 PHASE STAR DELTA STAR AND POWER MEASURMENT REPRESENTATION

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  1. 3 PHASE STAR DELTA STAR AND POWER MEASURMENT REPRESENTATION ANKIT GAMIT ID.NO:13BEEEG120

  2. Introduction • Power may be defined as the rate at which energy is transformed oe made available • In almost all cases the power in a d.c. circuit is best measured by separately measuring quantities, V and I and by computing P=VI • In case of a.c. circuits the instantaneous power varies continuously as the current and voltage go through a cycle of values • The fact that the power factor is involved in the expression for the power means that a wattmeter must be used instead of merely an ammeter and voltmeter.

  3. Wattmeter • A wattmeter is essentially an inherent combination of an ammeter and a voltmeter and, therefore , consists of two coils known as current coil and pressure coil. • Wattmeter connection:

  4. Wattmeter Errors • Error due to inductance of pressure coil • Error due to pressure coil capacitance • Error due to Eddy currents : soild metal parts are removed as far away from the current coil as possible

  5. Error due to power loss in pressure coil or current coil • There are two method of connecting wattmeters in the circuit for measurement of power, as shown in figure below (a) and (b). • Fig (a) : • Fig (b) :

  6. Measurement of Power in Single Phase A.C. Circuit • 3-voltmeter method • Disadvantages : (i) Even small errors in measurement of voltages may cause serious errors in the value of power, (ii) Supply voltage higher than normal voltage is required

  7. 3-Ammeter method • The disadvantages of measurement of power by 3 voltmeters are overcome in this method

  8. Measurement of power in conjuction with instrument transformers • This method is used when the currents and voltages of the circuits to be measured are high • Figure below shows a measurement of power with wattmeter in conjunction with instrument transformers in single phase A.C. circuits

  9. Vector diagram for inductive load • Vector diagram for capasitive load

  10. Measurement of Power in 3-Phase Circuit • Measurement of power in 3-phase, 4-wire circuits----------- • P=W1+W2+W3 • Measurement of power in 3-phase, 3-wire circuits------------- • P=W1+W2+W3

  11. 3-wattmeter method of measuring 3-phase power of delta connected • P=W1+W2+W3 • 1-wattmeter method of measuring balanced 3-phase power (a) star connected, (b) delta connected • P=3W

  12. 2-wattmeter method of measuring 3-phase 3-wire power : • (a) star connected, • P=W1+W2 • (b) delta connected • P=W1+W2

  13. Determination of P.F. from Wattmeter Reading • If load is balanced, then p.f. of the load can be determined from the wattmeter readings • Vector diagram for balanced star connected inductive load ----- • The watt-ratio Curve ---------- • p.f. can be determined from reading of two wattmeters

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