Second Arab Water Week “New Prospects and Challenges for the Water Sector in the Arab Region”

1. Second Arab Water Week “New Prospects and Challenges for the Water Sector in the Arab Region” 27-31 January 2013 Amman-Jordan WSP Framework Overview in the Context of the MDG Outcomes Susan Kilani WHO/CEHA

2. Climate Change, Water Scarcity and Linkages to the MDGs Waterborne diseases Cities run dry: insufficient water for hygiene and health protection Water scarcity MDG 4 MDG 7 Foodborne diseases MDG 4 Compromised water quality MDG 7 Malnutrition MDG 1,4,5 Wastewater used for food production Reduced food production MDG 1,7 MDG 1 Food insecurity MDG 1

3. The Joint Programme • Four UN agencies have developed a Joint Programme to support the United Nations Country Team’s (UNCT) efforts to achieve the UNDAF outcome of healthy and sustainable environment. • The ultimate goal of the Programme is to protect human health against water scarcity induced by climate change.

4. Joint Programme Outcomes Outcome 1: Sustained access to improved water supply sources despite increased water scarcity induced by climate change Outcome 2: Strengthened adaptive capacity for health protection and food security to climate change under water scarcity conditions.

5. Join Program Outputs of Outcome # 1 • Output 1.1: National Drinking Water Quality Management System at Central and Periphery level is Strengthened. • Output 1.2: Sustainable and Reliable Supply of Minimum Water Requirements for Health Protection is Provided to All Citizens.

7. Output 1.1:National Drinking Water Quality Management System at Central and Periphery Level is Strengthened • Upgrade the national drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) for comprehensive national coverage. • Design and implement training programme on DWQMS for all levels. • Develop and implement (5) demonstration water safety plans (3 urban & 2 rural). • Strengthen the surveillance role of the MoH within the water quality preventative management framework

8. WHO Guidelines on Drinking Water Quality • Since 1958 • 4th edition published in 2011 • Strict focus on public health protection • Based on best available evidencein science and practice • Advisory in nature • International scientific point of reference • Need for adaptation to national priorities • Incremental improvement 1984 1995 2004 2011

9. Evolution of Approaches Need for holistic and proactive approach: Move away from over-reliance on end-product testing More emphasis on prevention More focus on input monitoring More focus on process control WHO Framework for Safe Drinking Water

10. Framework for Safe Drinking Water Health-based targets(National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan(Water utility) Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

11. Health-Based Targets • Targets based on public health protection and disease prevention • Quantitative benchmark for water suppliers • Different types for different situations and purposes: • Water quality • Specified technology • Specified performance • Health outcome Health-based targets(National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan(Water utility) Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

12. Water Safety Plans (WSP) “The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. In these Guidelines, such approaches are called water safety plans.” Health-based targets(National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan(Water utility) Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

13. Independent Surveillance Systematic surveillance to verify the WSP is operating properly Audit of WSP Final check of end product quality Health-based targets(National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan(Water utility) Independent surveillance(Surveillance agency)

14. WSP is a Piece of Thinking! How important are they? What are the risks to my supply system? Continuous cycle How do I know thatthe they are fixed? How do I fix them?

15. Water Safety Plan Adequate and properly managed water supply systems from source to consumer Management and Communication Monitoring: Operational and Verification System Assessment and design

16. Supporting Tools Emerging

17. System description Improvement and upgrade System assessment Identify hazards and hazardous eventsWhat can go wrong? Identify additional or improved control measures and proceduresHow to improve reliability and robustness? Determine and validate existing control measuresAre controls suitable and effective? Establish step-wiseimprovement and upgrade planWhat actions and investments are needed? Assess and prioritise risks to public healthHow important are they? System management Define operational monitoring and inspection plansHow to identify if something goes wrong? PLANNED & TRIGGEREDWSP REVIEW Establish actions and management proceduresHow to respond if something goes wrong? Verification Establish procedures for auditingIs water safety planning adequate? Define compliance monitoring proceduresAre water quality targets met?

18. Water Safety Plan Steps Map the supply system Review WSP Identify hazards &assess risks WSP cycle Prioritize & implementimprovements Review adequacy of preventive control measures

19. Semi-Quantitative Risk Matrices • Each identified hazardous event will receive a value • Comparison, ranking and prioritisation of risks • Events can be classified as “significant” and“non-significant” for management • Note: • Basis for a relative assessment of risks within one water supply • No comparisons amongst different water supplies

20. Severity • Severity of consequences: • Consequences for public health? • Consequences for consumer satisfaction? • Consequences for image of supplier? • Financial economic consequences? • Need for combined analysis as basis for meaningful business decisions POSSIBLEASSESSMENTSCALES

21. Risk Factor Matrix

22. Dangers of Over-reliance’ on End-product Testing Classical ’faecal indicators’ have different sensitivity to disinfection and environmental conditions of viral or protozoan pathogens Outbreaks reported in absence of faecal indicators Limited early warning capability of microbial testing:water is distributed and drunk after test results are gained Water volumes tested are rarely statistically representative Limited capability to detect short term fluctuations Confidence gap TOO LITTLE TOO LATE

23. 1. Upgrade the national drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) for comprehensive national coverage • DWQMS and pertinent legislations assessment was completed through close consultation with the national stakeholders adhering to the Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach as recommended by the WHO. • Now the Drinking water operator and regulator recognize the importance WSP approach not only in the water quality compliance with the national standards but also to minimize water quality related incidents. • WSP establishes a collective sense of shared responsibility and involvement of all staff and is recognized as a way of day to day work and not an extra burden

24. 2. Design and implement training programme on DWQMS for all levels • A thorough training need assessment is completed for all levels dealing with the supply of safe drinking water in WAJ and MoH. • A package of training material was developed to be the base for a national TOT programme nationwide. • The design of the training activity synchronized along the process of WSP development proved to be effective and enhanced the capacity development and the utilization of collective knowledge of the concerned national counterparts.

25. 3. Develop and implement (5) demonstration water safety plans (3 urban & 2 rural) • The Ministry of Water & Irrigation/ Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) determined 5 demonstration sites operated by utilities and companies. The five utilities and companies collectively provide water supply services to 5.13 million (84%) of the Jordanian population. • A national steering committee was formed from the top management of WAJ and MOH to steer and support the project process and monitor progress.

26. Wadi Al Arab drinking water supply system 2011 Zai drinking water supply system 2011 Al Karamah Dam drinking water supply system 2011 Al lajoon drinking water supply system 2011 The Aqaba drinking water supply system 2011

27. Capacity Building for the Core Team in the WSP Demonstration Sites • A core team of 50 was appointed of technical staff from the water suppliers and environmental health to develop the water safety plans in the demonstration sites. • Capacity building of the core team was completed. The core team members will be the trainers and knowledge radiators for the other staff concerned with water quality management in Jordan in the future envisaged scaling up. • WSP process in the 5 demonstration sites is completed and all deliverables submitted. • There are concrete steps taken in 3 out of 5 utilities that will ensure implementation, scaling up and institutionalisation. These utilities provide safe drinking water to 60% of Jordanian population.

28. Capacity Building from the Core Team to all Staff Dealing with Safe Water Supply Top Management Steering committee Middle Management Assistant SG Operational Management Team leaders Technical WSP Teams/ WSP Implementation from 50 people in 6 utilities TO all the staff in the 12 governorates and water Utilities

29. 4. Strengthen the Surveillance Role of the MoH within the WSP Framework • Water Quality Surveillance Concept note is developed in close consultation with a national team of water quality experts appointed from GoJ to provide a guide to the health authorities. • The training of the environmental health staff in the kingdom is underway. • Critical laboratory equipment have been procured and installed in MOH water testing labs to secure adequate readiness in the for the surveillance function within the new water quality management system.

30. WSP Scaling up Requirements

31. Water Safety Plan Utility-utility partnerships Establish incentive programs CREATE SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENT Identify and empower institutions to act as WSP "resource centres“ Build regulatory capacity for WSP audits Train and build capacity among utility staff Build commitment from regulatory agencies Develop tools Scale-up implementation and audit of WSP Regulatory framework developed and implemented Organise multi stakeholder involvement and consultation process Consolidation of national vision and establishment of detailed strategy Evaluate WSP pilots Assessment of feasibility, added value and lessons learnt Initiate pilot projects Practical experience built Establish national steering group Country commitment to pursue WSP approach and initial vision Initial WSP sensitisation

32. Phases of Adoption of the WSP Approach by GoJ • Phase 1 : Voluntary adoption strategy through on-going WSP promotion and advocacy initiatives spearheaded by the MoH, WAJ and particularly the “champions” from the demonstration projects. The goal of this phase is to sensitize all relevant stakeholders on the WSP methodology, the outcomes of the demonstration projects as well as the added value and expected achievements of the WSP approach. • Phase 2: Establishment of regulatory requirements. Since a voluntary implementation strategy may not be picked-up by all water suppliers throughout Jordan, phase 1 should end in a “regulatory push” which makes WSP a legally binding requirement.

33. Institutionalization and Scaling Up in Jordan National counterparts developed a WSP Policy Statement and approved the road map for scale-up and sustainability with main goals to: • Adopt the preventative drinking water quality management system that relies on risk identification, assessment and management along the water supply chain in close collaboration with the concerned stake holders. • Incrementally scale up in the adoption of WSP framework in accordance with the national priorities until all the water supply systems in the country are managed in accordance to the WSP approach (vision).

34. Thank you