BIO1140 Lab 3: Cellular processes in Amoeba proteus

1. BIO1140 Lab 3:Cellular processes in Amoeba proteus

2. Objectives of the lab • Identify, photograph and measure organelles found within Amoeba proteus. • Observe cell processes such as: amoeboid movement, contractile vacuole cycle and endocytosis. • Measure the diameter of the contractile vacuole at selected intervals throughout its cycle. • Use these measurements to plot a graph showing the variation of the vacuole volume during time.

3. Method (setup) • Carefully connect compound microscope camera to your computer . • Clean optical surfaces of microscope (oculars, objectives, top of condenser and top of lamp housing) using kimwipes.

4. Microscopic observations • Amoebas are sensitive to light and heat: • Keep the light intensity low during observations.

5. Part I: Amoeba anatomy Identify and know the function of structures and organelles listed in the file: ‘Amoeba structures’ (Lab web site). • Locate an amoeba on your slide using the 4x objective. Then, switch to the 10x and 40x objectives. • There will be questions about Amoeba anatomy and movement in the final exam.

6. granular endoplasm plasmalemma hyalin cap pseudopodium food vacuole uroid ectoplasm contractile vacuole nucleus dinner

7. Part II: Amoeboid movement • Your task: Under the 10X observe the formation and elongation of pseudopodia • Switch to the 40x objective to observe the movement of granular endoplasm. • See animation on Digizoo Site • Take several pictures during amoeboid movement • Advice: Take notes, draw sketches and label all structures you observed. Represent the stream of fluid endoplasm using arrows.

8. Part II: Amoeboid movement TIPS: • Locate an amoeba on the slide using the 4X objective • Adjust the aperture diaphragm (closed = darker with more contrast / open = brighter with less contrast).

9. Part III: Contractile vacuole cycle Your task: measure the contractile vacuole (CV) diameter throughout its cycle. Contractile vacuole: • Function: osmoregulation and waste removal • Location in the cell: variable • Duration: about 5 minutes at 20°C (cycle duration increases with temperature). • Cycle components: • Diastole (coalescence and continual growth) • Systole (release of CV contents to exterior).

10. Part III: Contractile vacuole cycle

11. Part III: Contractile vacuole cycle t=0 Systole t=5-8 minutes (300-480s*) t=30 s No vacuole visible yet (diameter=0) Diastole t=60-120 s Small vacuoles start to aggregate and fuse *stop measurements after 480s

12. Contractile Vacuole: Methods • Locate the contractile vacuole (CV) using the 10x objective. • Once you’ve found a CV switch to 40x objective • Observe at least one full cycle before starting the measurements. • Time is 0 when systole occurs (=vacuole disappears).

13. Contractile Vacuole: Methods • Take picture of CV every 30 seconds during 2 full cycles (for up to 480 seconds each). • Save your pictures in: K:/BIO1140/BIO1140XX as JPEG files • Warning: SAVE YOU PICTURES PROGRESSIVELY or you’ll lose them. • Once done, measure the diameter of the contractile vacuole (in µm) on each pictures. while measuring, do NOT trace lines on computer screen (-10% immediately)

14. Contractile Vacuole: Methods • Enter your data into the excel spreadsheet(s) opened on the designated computers • Diameters will be converted into volumes, and class average and standard error will be calculated automatically on the spreadsheet. • Data will be available on the Lab3 page of the lab website (NOTBblearn) tomorrow.

15. Part IV: Endocytosis • Unmount the Amoeba slide - DO NOT THROW AWAY THE SLIDE -(tech. skills!) • Dispose of coverslips in one of the 2 beakers located a the back of the lab • Go to the endocytosis station • Get a few Amoebas from the flask and transfer them into watch glass • Add 1-2 drops of inducing agent (1% BSA + alcian blue) • Wait 1 minute • Transfer amoebas to the “amoeba slide” with very little liquid (Ask TA) • Add coverslip • Observe shape changes and formation of endocytic canals under microscope

16. Time Budget • Lab3 Quiz – 10 minutes • TA Prelab Talk - 15 min. • Amoeboid Observation – locomotion & anatomy – 45 minutes • Amoeba contractile vacuole cycle - 75 min. • Endocytosis – 10 min. • Questions to TAs and cleaning of bench 10 min

17. Lab 3 Report: Title page + Graph Contractile vacuole Graph • Plot CV volume (average +/- standard error) over time (0 to 480 seconds = one cycle) using the class data. • Graph (dot plot) must be done BY HAND (no computer generated graph) on millimeter paper. • Include a caption located below the graph (see lab manual appendix) • Read instruction file on the Lab3 page of lab web • Due date: Week 1 sections: two weeks after the lab Week 2 sections: 1 week after the lab. • Data will be available on lab web sitetomorrow.

18. Reminders • Clean up or lose technical skill marks • Rinse Amoeba slide and put it back on the tray where you took it. • Dispose of cover slips in the broken glass beaker. • Delete all files your saved • clean up work bench • clean optical surfaces of your microscope • proper microscope return verified by TA before you leave • NEXT LAB: MITOSIS withprelab quiz about lab4

19. Available documents • Read lab3 documents on the lab website: • List of Amoeba structures • Anatomy scheme • Instruction file for report