Download
1 / 11
110 likes | 260 Views
Motivation DR: Amir El- fiky. Definition: "Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.".
E N D
Definition: "Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge."
- Motives can be innate or acquired. - Innate motives are characterized by being: 1-Universal: found in all members of the species. 2-Permanent: Found (active or inactive) all the time. 3-Present since birth. However, the separation between innate motive and other motive is not very well delineated.
I- Biological Motives: - Such as hunger, thirst, sleep, temperature, pain and sex . - Have their origin in the physiological state of the body. - These motives can be aroused by changes of the balanced or homeostatic levels of body processes. Classifications of motives
General drives, like biological drives, are inborn. Unlike biological drives, they do not appear to operate on the principle of homeostasis. • Three general drives of particular interest are: • The curiosity drive • The activity drive. • The affectional drive. II- General Drives:
- These are motives mainly stimulated and perpetuated by social stimuli and habits. - These are mostly learned motives that involve other people. - One way to look at acquired motives is to think of them as somewhat stable, persistent behavioral tendencies. III- Acquired Motives (Social motives):
Need for achievement. Need for autonomy. Need for order. Need for affiliation. Need for dominance. Need for exhibition. Need for aggression. Acquired or social motives include:
Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, believed that motives can be unconscious. Freud asserted that there is a force in the mind called repression. The two kinds of motives that tend to be repressed are forbidden sexual desires and forbidden aggressive urges. Unconscious Motives:
Psychologist Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation". This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other needs. Hierarchy of Needs (Self-Actualization):
