Day 71: Girding for War: The North and the South

1. Day 71: Girding for War: The North and the South Baltimore Polytechnic Institute December 15, 2010 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Girding for War: The North and the South Objectives: Describe the consequences for both sides of the North’s defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run. Outline Union’s original military strategy and how Lincoln was forced to adjust it during the course of the War. Explain the critical importance of the failed Peninsula Campaign and the Battle of Antietam in changing the Civil War from a limited war for the Union into a total war against slavery. AP Focus In the early stages of the war, Lincoln is disappointed with the performance of his generals, especially those who commanded the eastern Army of the Potomac. General George McClellan, who despite abundant resources at his disposal and an army larger than his foe’s, fails to capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy, in 1862. The war provides both free blacks and runaway slaves the opportunity to take part in a personal crusade to destroy slavery. Over 180,000 black men serve in the Union army.

3. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery and transform the nation. After several years of seesaw struggle, the Union armies under Ulysses Grant finally wore down the Southern forces under Robert E. Lee and ended the Confederate bid for independence, as well as the institution of slavery.

4. Announcements Election Charts 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864 Decades Chart 1850’s-all Due NOW Primary Source Analysis-DUE Tuesday. No Late Submissions on this one!!!! Civil War Chart and 1860’s Decade Chart Due on Friday (Half-Day) Have Chapter 21 read by Thursday 10 Question Reading check on Friday (Half-Day)

5. The Politics of War Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War Formed in late 1861 radical Republicans questioned expanse of Presidential power emancipation Northern Democrats Douglas died and the party splintered Copperheads-obstructed the war draft, Lincoln, emancipation The man without a country Clement L. Vallandigham-Ohio Congressman convicted by a military tribunal for treasonable utterances

6. Election of 1864 Republicans/Union Lincoln Incorporated War Democrats Andrew Johnson-shore up War Democrats 212 Electoral Votes Democrats McClellan Copperheads Peace Democrats 21 Electoral Votes 45% of popular vote

7. Grant Outlasts Lee Wilderness Campaign May/June 1864-wilderness of VA Grant would attack simultaneously so the enemy could not help one another Grant had 50,000 casualties Lee had 25,000 casualties Cold Harbor-7,000 casualties in 7 minutes Rate loss Lee1 to 5 Grant 1 to 10 Lee resorted to defensive positions due to fewer men-trenches February 1865-C.S.A. attempted to negotiate for peace

8. The War in the West Lincoln discovered his ablest general, Ulysses S. Grant Grant gained fame in Northern Tennessee by retaking Fort Henry and Fort Donelson He attempted to take Corinth, a railroad hub, but was stopped at Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862 Lincoln refused to replace Grant David Farragut and the Union seized New Orleans in spring of 1862 Grant lead attack at Vicksburg that ended on July 4, 1863, and Port Hudson fell after

9. Cont’d The North now in control of the Mississippi. Ohio River Valley happy Diplomatic negotiations ended for the South Britain stopped delivering the Laird rams France killed a deal for 6 naval vessels

10. Sherman Scorches Georgia Grant transferred to East Tennessee theatre to record victories at Chattanooga Grant then made General in Chief Conquest of Georgia given to Sherman who practiced total war From Atlanta to Savannah to South Carolina

11. Homework • Continue Reading Chapter 21 • Work on Charts.