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Nutrition and food security some principles (cont)

Nutrition and food security some principles (cont). Energy needs of population depend on: Resting metabolic needs (BMR) Activity: > 1.5 BMR Demographic composition ( includes pregnancy and lactation) Temperature E.g. emergencies 2100 kcals; usually around 2200 kcals; see RDAs.

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Nutrition and food security some principles (cont)

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  1. Nutrition and food security some principles (cont)

  2. Energy needs of population depend on: • Resting metabolic needs (BMR) • Activity: > 1.5 BMR • Demographic composition • ( includes pregnancy and lactation) • Temperature • E.g. emergencies 2100 kcals; usually around 2200 kcals; see RDAs

  3. Energy needs: about 2200 kcals/hd/day, averaged over popn • Protein: about 10% of energy should be from protein. • CHO: 3.5-4.0 kcals/g • Protein: 4.0 kcals/g • Fat: 9.0 kcals/g

  4. Nutrient types and deficiencies Type I - reduced tissue concentration and specific clinical signs Type II - reduced growth rate and non-specific signs

  5. Nutrient types and deficiencies Source: M Golden

  6. Nutrient types and deficiencies Source: M Golden

  7. Household food security. • Except in emergencies (and even then) interventions to improve food security are pretty much the same as those to reduce poverty. • Relevant actions: • Macroeconomic adjustment • Employment policies • Employment provision • Agricultural policies • Food prices and subsidies, public distribution • General subsidies • Targeted • Rations and quotas • Food stamps and coupons See: ‘nutrition-relevant actions’ www.unsystem.org/scn

  8. Measure food security and hunger: • FPI/CPI • Income/exp surveys • Food cons surveys (incl 24 hr recall) • Food perception q’aires • Anthropometry ? See FIVIMS meeting: http://www.fivims.net/documents/ISS/ISS_e/ISS_exesum.pdf

  9. Household food security. • Except in emergencies (and even then) interventions to improve food security are pretty much the same as those to reduce poverty. • Relevant actions: • Macroeconomic adjustment • Employment policies • Employment provision • Agricultural policies • Food prices and subsidies, public distribution • General subsidies • Targeted • Rations and quotas • Food stamps and coupons See: ‘nutrition-relevant actions’ www.unsystem.org/scn

  10. Community-based and service delivery (facility-based) programs • Vertical micronutrient programs • Nutrition in health services and schools • Contextual and supporting policies.

  11. I613-3

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