Structural Design in the South America (Venezuela), Teaching and Research

1. Structural Design in the South America (Venezuela), Teaching and Research by Luis Paredes Department of Stability School of Architecture and Design University of Los Andes Merida, Venezuela Introductory - lp - ULA

2. Outline of Presentation This presentation will… • provide an introduction to Venezuelan Steel Design • design philosophies in Venezuela and other South American Countries • examples of buildings and design details • Our home university, education, research facilities • Our current research. Introductory - lp - ULA

3. Venezuela. Facts • Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics, • It has a population of 27,250,414. July 2006. • Venezuela is a country of immigrants. About two-thirds of the population are mixing.. • Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America. • Largest cities: Caracas, Maracay, Maracaibo, Valencia, Ciudad Guayana • Area Total 916.445 Km2 • Density: 30.2 /km² • The petroleum (oil) sector dominates Venezuela's mixed economy, 80% of exports. • Other major exports are gas, bauxite, aluminum, steel, fishes, petrochemicals, agriculture, gold, diamonds… • Nafta/gasoline price: 0.0325 $US/lt Introductory - lp - ULA

4. Provinces of Venezuela Introductory - lp - ULA

5. Provinces of Venezuela Introductory - lp - ULA

6. National Policies and Methods Venezuelan Building Design Code, COVENIN 1753-2002. UBC-US Seismic Resistant Buildings Code COVENIN 1756-2000. Seismic Microzonification in few cities. Steel Code. LFRD and Plastic Design (AISC and LFRD) Venezuela Bridge Design Code,the standard for bridge construction, is the governing code for the design of bridges in Venezuela based Japan and NZ Codes.2000 Bridges in Venezuela are the responsibility of Federal Goverment (Infrastructure). All majority bridges are buildings in Reinforced Concrete. Oldest Bridges (’50) are steel... Introductory - lp - ULA

7. Infrastructure Categories. Bridges Metal Culverts Pipelines Railroads Transmission Towers Petroleum facilities Industrial Facilities. (Steel factories…) Introductory - lp - ULA

8. Infrastructure Categories. Petroleum facilities. Complejo Refinador Paraguana (Paraguana Refinery Complex) Largest Refinery in the World: 1 Million barrels/day 56 millions lts/day Introductory - lp - ULA

9. Bridges Introductory - lp - ULA

10. Bridges Introductory - lp - ULA

11. Buildings Introductory - lp - ULA

12. Infraestructure Introductory - lp - ULA

13. Oil Facilities Introductory - lp - ULA

14. Seismic Design Code Introductory - lp - ULA

15. Bridge Design Code Introductory - lp - ULA

16. Our home university, education, research facilities Funded: march 29, 178511 Faculties3 Campus: Merida, Tachira and Trujillo35.000 students aprox5000 professors600 Graduate Studentswww.ula.ve Introductory - lp - ULA

17. Our current research Theory of the Damage Concentrated. Griffith ‘s Criterion Introductory - lp - ULA

18. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Griffith ‘s Criterion Resistance to cracking R, Material Property, tests energy dissipation rate G Numerical Analysis Introductory - lp - ULA

19. Theory of the Damage Concentrated THEORY OF THE CONTINUOUS DAMAGE Introductory - lp - ULA

20. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Law of state and law of evolution of the plastic deformation Effective Stress Cauchy Stress Law of State law of evolution The function of yield of a material damaged Introductory - lp - ULA

21. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Law of state and law of evolution of the plastic deformation Law of evolution of the damage for fragile materials Plastic deformation null deformation energy density energy dissipation rate in an element of volume Criterion Grifftih Introductory - lp - ULA

22. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Unilateral damage Effective Stress State law Introductory - lp - ULA

23. Theory of the Damage Concentrated UnilateralDamage expression of the complementary energy energy dissipation rates Introductory - lp - ULA

24. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Behavior of the Concrete one employing a model of unilateral damage Introductory - lp - ULA

25. Theory of the Damage Concentrated CINEMATIC OF FRAMES Displacements Deformations Introductory - lp - ULA

26. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Generalized Deformations (infinitesimal deformations) Local transformation Matrix Introductory - lp - ULA

27. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Generalized Deformations (large deformations) Introductory - lp - ULA

28. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Generalized Stresses and Forces Inertial Forces Matrix Introductory - lp - ULA

29. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Equilibrium Dynamic From Virtual Work Dynamic Static Introductory - lp - ULA

30. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Behavior Material To solve “structure” we need: Equilibrium Eqs. Compatibility Eqs. Behavior Eqs or Behavior Material Classic Beam Theory Euler-Bernoulli Introductory - lp - ULA

31. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Law of behavior elastic-plastic for members of a plane frame Evolution Law Introductory - lp - ULA

32. Theory of the Damage Concentrated ElastoPlastic Frames with Cinematic Hardening Yield Function c property R lineal hardening R= c*p p max plastic def Introductory - lp - ULA

33. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Frame Analysis The model admits that the dissipation of energy, damages and plasticity, they concentrate on the kneecaps while the central section of the beam-column remains elastic (lineal or not). According to the theory of continuous damage to model the process of mechanical degradation of the material and its resultant behavior, a variable is introduced (damage) that takes values between zero and one. The damage in that case measures the relative density of the microdefects in the material Introductory - lp - ULA

34. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Theory of the damage concentrated for monotonic loads Introductory - lp - ULA

35. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Theory of the damage concentrated for monotonic loads Flórez-López [2], advances that the deformations owed al damage are State Law is Introductory - lp - ULA

36. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Theory of the damage concentrated for monotonic loads Small Deformations Introductory - lp - ULA

37. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Complementary deformation respect damage: The laws of evolution were expressed with aid of the functions of yield (f) and of damage (g) for each inflexible kneecap. Said functions depend on the dissipation rates ({M} and {G}) and the internal variables and Damage and Plastic Deformations). Introductory - lp - ULA

38. Theory of the Damage Concentrated The functions of yield are obtained in base to the hypothesis of equivalence in deformations, which consists of admitting that the behavior of the material damaged is equal al of an intact material whenever be substituted the effort by the effective effort Reinforced Concrete My, c, Gcr and q are members constants Introductory - lp - ULA

39. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Evolution Laws Plastic Behavior Damage Evolution Laws Introductory - lp - ULA

40. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Parameters or constants Introductory - lp - ULA

41. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Parameters or Constants Deriving Applying Conditions Borders Introductory - lp - ULA

42. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Parameters or Constants Solving Introductory - lp - ULA

43. Theory of the Damage Concentrated The theory of the damage simplified permits to obtain satisfactory results in simulations of monotonic solicitations or loads Without I engage, a structure in its useful life will be able to be submitted to cyclic loads, reason by which is not agrees to use the model simplified due to that said model cannot represent the hysterétic behavior of the damage neither the fatigue of low cycles. Reason by which the model simplified should be modified to manage to represent such effects. The fatigue of low cycle due to that the increment of the damage can occur during phases of load still when the value of the maximum displacement have itself reached in the first cycle of load. Introductory - lp - ULA

44. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Introductory - lp - ULA

45. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Introductory - lp - ULA

46. Theory of the Damage Concentrated Introductory - lp - ULA

47. Theory of the Damage Introductory - lp - ULA

48. Theory of the Damage Introductory - lp - ULA

49. Theory of the Damage Introductory - lp - ULA

50. Theory of the Damage Introductory - lp - ULA