1 / 28

Ectoparasites

Ectoparasites. Learning Outcomes. List common ectoparasites Identify common hosts for ectoparasites Identify signs & treatments for common ectoparasites List common endoparasites (Recap). Introduction. List as many ectoparasites as you can remember . Most Ectoparasites are Arthropods.

hunter
Download Presentation

Ectoparasites

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Ectoparasites

  2. Learning Outcomes • List common ectoparasites • Identify common hosts for ectoparasites • Identify signs & treatments for common ectoparasites • List common endoparasites (Recap)

  3. Introduction • List as many ectoparasites as you can remember ...

  4. Most Ectoparasites are Arthropods. These include: • Fleas • Ticks • Mites & Chiggers • Lice • Flies

  5. Fleas Ctenophalidescanis/cati • Both dogs and cats are commonly infested with cat fleas. • They are not host specific and prefer warm & humid environments. • Fleas feed on blood by injecting anticoagulant into the animal to prevent clotting. • The anticoagulant is what causes the allergic response.

  6. Fleas Ctenophalidescanis/cati Signs of Fleas? • Flea Dirt • Pruritus (Itching) • Loss of condition • Anaemia • Hair loss

  7. In favourable conditions, the lifecycle can be completed in 12-16 days. • Eggs are laid in the hair of animals which fall off into the environment. • Eggs hatch in to larval stages which feed on flea dirt, skin flakes and organic debris. • They undergo 2 moulds, pupate, then emerge as adults.

  8. Treatment • Fleas can act as an intermediate host to diseases & parasites so animals & the environment need to be treated with insecticide concurrently. • Flea eggs can lay dormant within the environment for up to 2 years and can be triggered to hatch by heat and movement vibrations from animals (inc. Humans).

  9. Ticks • All spp. Feed on the blood from a host. • Larval and adult ticks feed, engorging themselves on blood then drop off in to the environment. • Female ticks then lay eggs in a moist location and then die.

  10. Ticks • Signs of Ticks? • Anaemia • Observation • Infection from mouthparts • Ticks should be removed carefully but the potential hosts & environment can be treated with insecticides.

  11. Lice • Host specific • Attach to the host using claws & feed on blood. • Can be either biting or sucking depending on whether they have evolved to chew the skin or pierce the skin.

  12. Lice • Trichodectescanis= Dog biting louse • Linognathussetosus= Dog sucking louse • Felicolasubrostratus= Cat biting louse • Haematopinusasini= Horse sucking louse • Damaliniaequi= Horse biting louse

  13. Lice (Pediculosis) Clinical Signs: • Pruritus • ‘nits’ or lice can be seen. • Anaemia • Poor coat condition • Animals & environment must be treated with insecticide and repeated after 10 days, following the hatching of nits.

  14. Mites • Subsuface mites: Live in the dermis and have short legs • Surface mites: Lives on the skin surface and have longer legs.

  15. Ear Mites: Otodectescynotis Surface mites that possess suckers to attach to ear canal. Are seen as cream dots in ear wax. Other signs? • Head shaking • Head rubbing • Waxy ears • Smell • Treatment by Acaricidal product

  16. Chorioptesequi- Surface mites that affect horses, particularly feathers in heavy horse breeds. • Psoroptesequi/cuniculi– Closely related surface mites that have suckers on stalks. P. equiinfects horses (pruritic dermatitis) while P. cuniculiinfects rabbits (ear infections). • Cheyletiella spp. (Walking dandruff) – Suface mites that infect dogs, cats and rabbits. Can be seen by the naked eye and cause a scurfy coat.

  17. Mites: Sarcoptesscabeii • A zoonotic subsurface mite (mange). • Eggs are burrowed in to the host’s skin causing an erythenatous, alopecic dermatitis (usually beginning in the pinna, hock or elbow) spreading across the animal. • Treatment = insecticide.

  18. Mites: Demodex spp. • Cigar-shaped surface mite usually present in animals with no ill effects. • Stress or immunosuppression can cause overpopulation. • Can be seen as alopecic dermatitis, usually with secondary bacterial infection. • Treatment = Acaricide

  19. Chiggers (Mites): Harvest Mites • Neotrombiculusautumnalis – A surface mite prevelant in late summer/autumn that feed on a host and then drop off. • Result in pruritus & dermatitis.

  20. Flies • Some fly larvae are facultative parasites = can infest living animals (but don’t have to) • Others are obligate parasites • Fly strike (myiasis) seen in rabbits & sheep, occasionally in cats & dogs

  21. Flies- Life cycle • Adults lay eggs in moist conditions, attracted by odours • Larvae (maggots) hatch rapidly, feed on surface of animal, invade deeper tissue as they grow/moult • Once fully developed larva drops off and pupates • Enzymes secreted on animal to assist tissue breakdown have toxic effects on host leading to depression & anorexia

  22. Prevention of fly strike • Careful husbandry prevent build up of faeces • Examine animal at least once daily • Apply larval growth inhibitor = cyromazine (rearguard) • Control flies

  23. Treatment of fly strike • Remove maggots • Shave and clean wound • Prognosis good if caught early • Prognosis poor once sever tissue damage occurred- leads to shock and death

  24. Flies • Various species of flies bite horses, flies can transmit infections • Hypersensitivity to biting midge called Culicoides spp. Causes severe pruritic dermatitis in summer = sweet itch- tail, head and main more commonly affected • Mosquitoes are vectors of heartworm- Dirofilaria immitis • Sandflies transmit Leishmania spp.

  25. Recap • List as many ectoparasites as you can remember ...

  26. Recap • List as many Endoparasites as you can remember ...

  27. Extension Task • Design a poster for a Veterinary Surgery to inform pet owners about ectoparasites*. • You may choose one type of parasite or generalise. *Pay particular attention to infection control & preventative measures.

  28. Learning Outcomes • List common ectoparasites • Identify common hosts for ectoparasites • Identify signs & treatments for common ectoparasites • List common endoparasites (Recap)

More Related