The Six Kingdoms

1. The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions • Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? • Unicellular or Multicellular? • Producer or Consumer? • Does it have a cell wall or not? • Does it live in extreme environments?

2. DNA Nucleus with DNA

4. 1 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3

5. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

6. 1 2 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3

7. Cell Membrane 1 2 DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm 3

8. Cell Membrane 1 1 2 2 DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3 4 Cytoplasm 3 5

9. 1 2 Prokaryotic Cells 3 4 5

10. 1 Bacteria No Nucleus 2 Prokaryotic Cells No Organelles 3 4 Unicellular 5 Microscopic

11. 1 Cell Membrane 1 Bacteria 2 No Nucleus 2 3 DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells No Organelles 4 5 Unicellular 6 Cytoplasm 3 Microscopic 7

12. 1 Organelles 2 Nucleus 3 Multicellular organisms Eukaryotic Cells 4 Protists 5 Plants 6 Fungi 7 Animals

13. Organelles 1 Cell Membrane 1 Bacteria 2 Nucleus No Nucleus 2 Multicellular DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells No Organelles Protists 5 Plants Unicellular Fungi Cytoplasm 3 Microscopic Animals

14. Unicellular – organisms that exist in nature as a single cell; usually microscopic • Multicellular – organisms that are more complex; usually with tissues and organs

15. Producers – (a. k a. autotrophs) organisms that can carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy • Consumers – (a.k.a. heterotrophs) organism that eat producers or other consumers to obtain energy

16. Prokaryote Have a cell wall and some use flagella or cilia for movement Unicellular Autotrophic or heterotrophic Asexual Methanogens and halophiles Live in very extreme environments Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom Can be helpful & harmful Kingdom Archaebacteria

17. Mrs. Cocke = Archea

18. Prokaryote Have cell walls and some use flagella or cilia for movement Unicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Asexual E-coli & Streptococcus Can be helpful & harmful Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere Kingdom Eubacteria

20. 1. Eukaryote 2. Has a Nucleus and other organelles (some have a chloroplast) 3. Mostly unicellular or some multicellular 4. Autotrophs or heterotrophs 5. Most reproduce asexually, some sexually 6. Paramecium. Amoeba, algae Very diverse kingdom The “Junk Drawer” Kingdom Protista

21. Algae

22. Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles; cell walls of chitin Multicellular (except yeast) All Heterotrophs– they eat! Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually Examples: Mushrooms, mold, lichens Important decomposers Nature’s Recyclers Kingdom Fungi

23. Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles, cell walls of cellulose All Multicellular All are Autotrophs Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually Trees, grass, ferns Oxygen producers Kingdom Plantae

24. Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles, do not have cell walls All Multicellular All Heterotrophs Reproduce sexually or asexually Examples: insects, fish, humans Hey! That’s You! Kingdom Animalia

25. Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Concept Map Section 18-3 Living Things are characterized by Important characteristics which place them in and differing Domain Eukarya Cell wall structures such as which is subdivided into which place them in which coincides with which coincides with Go to Section:

26. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Eukarya Go to Section: Protist web site

27. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Eukarya Go to Section: Protist web site

28. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Go to Section: Protist web site

29. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Go to Section: Protist web site

30. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Go to Section: Protist web site

31. Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph/ heterotroph Strep., E- coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph X-tremophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Eukarya Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Go to Section: Protist web site