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O bligate intracellular bacteria

O bligate intracellular bacteria. Obligate intracellular bacteria of veterinary importance. genus Chlamydia Coxiella Anaplasma Lawsonia. developmental spores arthropod zoonosis cell target forms transmission.

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O bligate intracellular bacteria

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  1. Obligate intracellular bacteria

  2. Obligate intracellular bacteria of veterinary importance genus Chlamydia Coxiella Anaplasma Lawsonia developmental spores arthropod zoonosis cell target forms transmission + - - + epithelium & M - + + + epithelium & M - - + - M & PMNL - - - + epithelium

  3. Microscopy: non-specific staining immunohistochemistry (antigen detection) Immune responses: antibody or CMI Genomic detection: PCR Culture: co-culture with eukaryotic cells Detection of intracellular bacteria

  4. Chlamydiae as animal pathogens Chlamydia spp. Chl. trachomatis human ocular and urogenital Chl. muridarum mouse respiratory infection Chl. suis porcine pneumonia, enteritis, conjunctivitis Chlamydophila spp. Cp. pneumoniae human, horse, koala Cp. pecorum ruminants, pigs, koalas - multisystem Cp. caviae guinea pig conjunctivitis/pneumonitis Cp. psittaci avian - multiple serovars Cp. abortus ruminant abortion Cp. felis cat conjunctivitis, rhinitis Potential ZOONOSES

  5. Chlamydia/Chlamydophiladevelopmental phases Elementary Body (EB): 300-500nm infective stage spore-like resistant to environmental stresses Reticulate Body (RB): ~2000nm non-infective replicative stage binary fission

  6. Chlamydia/Chlamydophila infection Elementary Body (EB)  adherence to cell membrane  entry by endocytosis  prevention of phagosome-lysosome fusion  transformation of EB to Reticulate Body (RB)  division - formation of "inclusion"  differentiation to EB  host cell lysis

  7. Chlamydophilaabortus ingestion/ inhalation  localisation to tonsils/lymph nodes  dissemination  latent, persistent or intermittent infection  placentitis  foetal infection  abortion stillbirth weak lambs subclinically infected lambs

  8. Chlamydophilaabortus Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (EAE) / Ovine Enzootic Abortion (OEA) 1st exposure  ~30% abort  2nd exposure  ~5% abort Antibiotic treatment – tetracyclines Closed flocks / OEA-free accreditation Vaccines: Mediavac, Enzovax, Cevac Chlamydophila ZOONOSIS: respiratory & abortion

  9. Avian Chlamydiosis - Cp. psittaci Psittacosis, Ornithosis widespread in birds adult birds - usu. asymptomatic, persistent young/ stressed - acute, generalised disease - multisystemic inflammation (air sacs, lung, intestine, pericardium) - discharges, depression, inappetance, diarrhoea - dissemination to spleen, liver, kidneys - up to 90% mortality  convalescent carriers ZOONOSIS

  10. Feline Chlamydiosis - Cp. felis mucopurulent conjunctivitis & rhinitis highly infectious ZOONOSIS

  11. Zoonotic Chlamydiosis Fever Chills Headache Muscle aches Dry cough malaise pneumonia endocarditis/meningitis Abortion Avian source: 1620 cases Feline source: rare Ovine source: rare

  12. Anaplasmoses/ Ehrlichioses A. phagocytophilum Tick-Borne Fever neutrophilE. canis Canine Ehrlichiosis monocyteE. chaffeensis Canine & Human Ehrlichiosis neutrophilE. risticii Potomac Fever enterocyte Anaplasma spp. & Ehrlichia spp.ARTHROPOD-BORNEGEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

  13. Pathogenesis of Tick-borne fever - TBF Anaplasma phagocytophilum tick haemolymph  inoculation by tick bite  infection of PMN  neutropaenia  fever, abortion  2° infections tick pyaemia (S. aureus) louping ill

  14. Anaplasma phagocytophilum - morulae

  15. Coxiella burnetti - Q Fever asymptomatic in ruminants  ?? occ. abortion  excreted in urine, faeces, milk, placenta  inhalation by human  infects respiratory epithelium, endothelium & phagocytes  influenza-like syndrome pneumonia endocarditis ZOONOSIS

  16. Tyzzer's Disease - Clostridium piliforme (previously Bacillus piliformis) intracellular; Gram-negative; spore-forming; obligate anaerobe phylogenetically Clostridium mice; foals, cats, dogs 50-100% fatal colonises enterocytes  enteritis relocalises to LN  lymphadenitis relocalises to liver  necrosis

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