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Russia lies on the Eurasian plain. Cartographers show the Ural Mountains in Russia as the boundary between Europe and Asia. Russia does not have many mountains and there are few obstacles to movement. Russia is divided into 3 broad areas Tundra-a frozen plain without trees
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Russia lies on the Eurasian plain. • Cartographers show the Ural Mountains in Russia as the boundary between Europe and Asia. • Russia does not have many mountains and there are few obstacles to movement. • Russia is divided into 3 broad areas • Tundra-a frozen plain without trees • Steppe – a great plain with few trees that extends from Russia east into Asia. • A wide band of forests Russia: Geography
Rivers have always been important to Russia. They serve as highways for travel and trade. • Dnieper • Don • Volga These are the most important rivers. They once linked Russia with the Byzantine and the Arab peoples. geography
800s: Byzantine missionaries tried to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity to the Slavs • But the Slavs had no written language. So the missionary Cyril created the Cyrillic Alphabet using symbols from Greek and Latin to make the sounds that the Slavs spoke. • Today: The Cyrillic Alphabet is used in most Slavic languages, and Slavic Christians belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church Russia: Language and Religion
1200s: The Mongol Tatars conquered Russia • Mongol Khans were brutal rulers, but they helped Russia as well. Based on document 2: • How did the Mongols protect Muscovites (ppl who lived in Moscow) from invasion? • How did the Mongols influence the Muscovite leadership style? • How did the Mongols impact the Russian economy? Russia: Political Control
The first Russian ruler to declare that the Muscovite region was known as “Russia” • 1472: Married the last Byzantine Emperor’s niece and declared Russia was the “Third Rome” (Byzantine was the 2nd Rome) and adopted the double-headed eagle symbol • 1476: Ivan’s wife Sophia helps to convince him to make Russia independent from the Mongol Tatars. He refused to pay Mongol taxes, goes to war against them, and wins. Ivan The III (the Great)
Beyond his terrible characteristics, Ivan IV was the first Russian leader to call himself Czar/Tsar He continued to fight against the Mongols How did he use technology to expand Russia’s territory and defeat Mongol defenses? Ivan the IV (The Terrible)
Russia was much less developed than Western Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – they had not experienced the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Commercial Revolution, Scientific Revolution, or Enlightenment Based on the clip from Engineering an Empire: Russia, how did Peter the Great advance Russia? Peter the Great
St. Petersburg was built on the Baltic Sea, a cold-water port (it freezes in the winter) Describe the city of St. Petersburg and how it impacted Russia St. Petersburg
How is the building of St. Petersburg similar to Louis XIV building the Palace of Versailles? • In how it looks: • In how the King used it to gain power: St. Petersburg and Versailles
Catherine the Great expanded Russia’s territory to the Black Sea, a warm-water port Describe the other ways that Catherine the Great changed Russia Catherine the Great
Complete document questions for documents 1-3 about Peter the Great and Catherine the Great and then answer this question: • How did Peter and Catherine the Great control people to change Russia and why did they do it? • Use the lines next to this slide and the next slide for your answer Homework
