1 / 16

North and South

North and South. The North’s Economy p.386 - 390. Industrialization. By the early 1800’s, changes took place in the Northern states. Power-driven machinery performed many tasks that were once done by hand. The industrialization of the North developed in three phases:

shelms
Download Presentation

North and South

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. North and South The North’s Economy p.386 - 390

  2. Industrialization • By the early 1800’s, changes took place in the Northern states. • Power-driven machinery performed many tasks that were once done by hand. • The industrialization of the North developed in three phases: • 1- manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers. • 2- manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together. • 3- factory workers used machinery to perform some of their work.

  3. Industrialization • Mass production of cotton textiles began in New England in the early 1800’s with the invention of the sewing machine (Elias Howe). • Machine operators could produce clothing on a large scale. • By 1860 the Northeast’s factories produced at least two-thirds of the countries manufactured goods.

  4. Improved Transportation • Improvements in transportation contributed to the success of many of America’s new industries. • Between 1800 and 1850, construction crews built thousands of miles of roads and canals. • The canals opened new shipping routes by connecting many lakes and rivers. • The growth of the railroads in the 1840s and 1850s also helped to speed the flow of goods. • Robert Fulton demonstrated a reliable steamboat that carried goods and passengers more cheaply and quickly along inland waterways.

  5. Improved Transportation • In the 1840s canals were widened and deepened to accommodate steamboats. • In the 1840s sailing ships were improved. • The clipper ships – with sleek hulls and tall sails – could sail 300 miles per day, as fast as most steamships of the day. • The ships got their name because they “clipped” time from long journeys.

  6. Locomotives • The development of railroads in the United States began with short stretches of tracks that connected mines with nearby rivers. • Peter Cooper designed and built the first American steam locomotive in 1830 called the Tom Thumb. • In 1840 the United States had almost 3,000 miles of railroad track. • By 1860 it had almost 31,000 miles, mostly in the North and the Midwest. • By 1860 a network of railroad track united the Midwest and the East.

  7. Moving Goods and People • The development of the east-west canal and the rail network allowed grain, livestock, and dairy products to move directly from the Midwest to the East. • Goods now traveled faster and more cheaply so manufacturers in the East could offer them at lower prices. • The railroads also played an important role in the settlement and industrialization of the Midwest. • As the population of these states grew, new towns and industries developed.

  8. Faster Communication • The growth of industry and the new pace of travel created a need for faster methods of communications. • The telegraph- and apparatus that used electric signals to transmit messages- filled that need. • Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and used Morse code to transmit messages. • Americans adopted the telegraph eagerly and erected telegraph lines.

  9. Revolution in Agriculture • Advances in technology allowed farmers to greatly increase their harvest. • Three revolutionary inventions of the 1830s changed farming methods and encouraged settlers to cultivate large areas of the West. • Steel-tipped plow • Thresher • Mechanical reaper • The steel-tipped plow was developed by John Deere. The plow easily cut through the hard-packed sod of the prairies.

  10. McCormick’s Reaper • For hundreds of years, farmers had harvested grain with handheld sickles. • Cyrus McCormick created a reaper that could harvest grain much faster than a hand-operated sickle. • Because farmers could harvest wheat so quickly, they began planting more of it. Growing wheat became profitable. • The thresher quickly separated the grain from the stalk.

  11. McCormick’s Reaper • Despite improvements in agriculture the North turned away from farming and increasingly toward industry. • It was difficult making a living farming the rocky soil of New England, but industry flourished in the area. • The number of people who worked in factories continued to rise – so did problems connected with factory labor.

More Related