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Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad. By Virginia Kautz. Reasons for the Battle of Stalingrad. Germans reasons: To gain oil preserves for Nazi Germany. To crush Soviet Russia before winter hit. Soviet Russia’s reasons: Defend against the German forces.

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Battle of Stalingrad

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  1. Battle of Stalingrad By Virginia Kautz

  2. Reasons for the Battle of Stalingrad Germans reasons: • To gain oil preserves for Nazi Germany. • To crush Soviet Russia before winter hit. Soviet Russia’s reasons: • Defend against the German forces. Picture of Adolf Hitler as he salutes passing troops.

  3. German Movements • Hitler sent the 6th Army to defeat Russia. • Split forces creating a gap in the lines and took both Kharkov and Millerovo. • Hitler then sent the 4th Panzer division, 100thJäger Division, 396th Reinforced Infantry Regiment and the Hungarian 2nd division to attack Stalingrad. German soldiers excited as the head towards Stalingrad.

  4. Russia’s Movements • Stalin appointed AndreyYeryomenko as commander of the South-Eastern front on 01 AUG 1942 • Yeryomenko created the 62nd Army to defend the eastern border of Stalingrad and put LT.GEN. Chuikov in chargeof them on 11 SEP 1942 Picture of VasiliyChuikov

  5. 62nd Mission “We will defend the city or die in the attempt” --VasiliyChuikov • 62nd’s mission was to defend Stalingrad at all costs. • No retreat was allowed. The 62nd Army making camp near the Don River.

  6. Bombing of Stalingrad • The Luftflotte 4 dropped around a thousand tons of bombs on Stalingrad during 1942. • This destroyed Russian factories and turned the town to rubble. • 23 AUG 1942 90% of living space was destroyed and 955 people were killed with 1181 wounded. One of the planes that bombed Stalingrad.

  7. Aftermath of Bombing • Stalin moves more troops to defend Stalingrad. • Luftwaffe destroys more ferries that were carrying troops from further away. • Civilians were kept in the city to help with labor tasks and to motivate the defenders to hold their ground. Houses on fire after the first bombing of Stalingrad

  8. Anti-Aircraft • The Luftwaffe holds air superiority over the Voenno-VozdushnyeSily (VVS) or Soviet Air force. Mainly due to lack of air crafts available. • Last line of defense was the 1077th Anti-aircraft regiment that used anti-aircraft guns usually manned by women. Anti-Aircraft guns

  9. Second Offensive • German forces pushed Russian forces out to the suburbs of Stalingrad. • They used tanks and force to push the Russians back to defensive positions. • Russians had to burn food supplies as they retreated. Russian Snipers

  10. Pavlov’s House • The Pavlov’s house was a 4 story apartment that was seized by a Russian Platoon under the command of Sergeant Pavlov. • Germans attacked several times a day but were met by AT4s and machine guns. • The Russians lasted from 27 SEP 1942 to 23 NOV 1942, till they were relieved. Above is a picture of the Pavlov’s House. To the left is a picture of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov.

  11. Operation Uranus • Soviet noticed Germany’s weak flanks filled with Hungarian and Romanian forces that lacked proper equipment, had no morale and bad leadership. • The encircled the Germans after they broke through the North (Romanian 3rd Army) and the South (Romanian 4th Army) on 19 NOV 1942 under the command of GEN. NikolayVatutin. • The Russian troops met in Kalach on the 23 NOV 1942. Russians before Operation Uranus

  12. Operation Winter Storm • German forces were surrounded by Russians after Operation Uranus • Erich von Manstien was in charge of the remaining German forces that were not captured. • Used the 4th Panzer Army to break through Russian forces as soon as they could. • The attack caught the Soviets off guard. Soldiers waiting to move out during the winter of 1942.

  13. Operation Little Saturn Part 1 • The goal was to cut off the German Army Group A and expand the area controlled by Soviet forces. • The operation launched 16 DEC 1942. • Encircled troops by breaking through the edges of their defenses. • Manstein retreated back to Kotelnikovo on 29 DEC 1942 due to threats of being encircled. German forces prepare an attack during winter

  14. Operation Little Saturn Part 2 • 13 JAN 1943 GEN. Golikov Voronezh encircled and destroyed Hungarian 2nd Army. • Germany’s 2nd Army had to retreat. A lone German soldier watch over the front during Operation Little Saturn

  15. Destroyed Air Force Bases • 24 DEC 1942 Soviet tanks drove onto Tatsinskayaair force base and destroyed everything they could. • 17 JAN 1943 Soviet took back Pitomnok Air Force base using artillery. Tanks during winter of 1942

  16. Destroyed Air Force Bases (Cont.) • Gumrak fell back into Soviet hands on 23 JAN 1943. • Left the Germans with no air support or means to resupply their forces that were blocked off by Soviet forces. A plane shot down during one of the Air Base raids.

  17. Chance to Surrender • Soviet Russia offered German troops a chance to surrender on 31 JAN 1943. • Germans fearing certain death if they surrendered, so they chose to fight on. Germans that did surrender.

  18. Germans Retreat • The losses at Pitomnok on 16 JAN 1943 and Gumrak on 25 JAN 1943 plus the loss of two airfields cut off the German’s supply route. • The starving Germans were running out of ammunition to fight. • The Germans finally had to surrender. Russians celebrating.

  19. The War Ends • The Germans surrender 31 JAN 1943 • The Battle of Stalingrad ended 2 FEB 1943

  20. Casualties German: • Estimated 500,000 killed • 91,000 captured POW Russian: • Estimated 1,200,000 KIA • Estimated 500,000 MIA • 650,000 wounded Dead Hungarian Soldiers

  21. Aftermath • It was the turning point of World War II for the Soviets. • It showed just how determined Soviet Russia and Nazi Germans were at defending and defeating each other. • In 1945, Stalingrad was awarded the title of Hero City. Picture of Stalingrad (now named Volgograd) today.

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