ANKLE ANATOMY

1. ANKLE ANATOMY Spring High School Sports Medicine

2. THE ANKLE JOINT • The ankle joint is designed for weight bearing. • It has great strength and stability due to the bone structure. • It is a three-sided box-like joint.

3. TALUS ANKLE BONE ANATOMY TIBIA 1 2 FIBULA 4 CALCANEUS 3

4. TIBIA • The tibia commonly called the “shin bone”. • The proximal end of the tibia is part of the knee joint. • The distal end of the tibia sticks out under the skin and forms the medial malleolus. • LABEL AND COLOR THE TIBIA AND THE MEDIAL MALLEOLUS ON YOUR WORKSHEET.

5. FIBULA • The fibula is located on the outside of the lower leg. • The fibula is a non-weight bearing bone. • The distal end of the fibula is visible under the skin and is called the lateral malleolus. • LABEL AND COLOR THE FIBULA ON YOUR WORKSHEET

6. ANKLE BONE ANATOMY LATERAL MALLEOLUS MEDIAL MALLEOLUS

7. CALCANEUS • A common name for the calcaneus is the “heel”. • The calcaneus is an attachment place for many important lower leg muscles. • While running or walking, about half of the total weight of the body is supported by this bone.

8. TALUS • The talus is a wedge-shaped bone located in between the tibia, fibula and calcaneus. • It is the fulcrum point from which the ankle joint is able to move.

9. TALAR JOINT • No muscles attach to the talus – only ligaments and cartilage.

10. TIBIA FIBULA TALUS CALCANEUS THE 4 BONES OF THE ANKLE JOINT

11. ANKLE MOTION • The ankle joint is a type of hinge joint. • Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur between the tibia and the talus.

12. ANKLE MOTION • Inversion and eversion happens between the talus and the calcaneus.

13. ANKLE MOTIONPlantarflexion • Pointing the foot • Raising up on the toes. • Heel raises • Ankle Extension

14. ANKLE MOTIONDorsiflexion • Pulling toes back. • Lifting toes up. • Stand on your heels. • Ankle Flexion

15. ANKLE MOTIONInversion • Turning toes in. • Rolling foot under. • Walk on the outside of your feet. • “Bow-legged”

16. ANKLE MOTIONEversion • Toes out. • Rolling foot out. • Walk on the inside of your feet.

17. Which Motion Is This? 2 3 1

18. ANKLE LIGAMENTS • Ligaments run from bone to bone. • Hold bones together. • Do not move joint! • Some are like cords. Some are thin and wide.

19. MEDIAL ANKLE LIGAMENTS Deltoid Ligament Complex

20. ANKLE LIGAMENTS – MEDIAL • Deltoid Ligament Complex • 4 ligaments • Broad • Flat • Overlapping = STRONG! D A B C

21. ANKLE LIGAMENTS - LATERAL • Lateral Collateral Ligaments • ATF • Anterior • From Talus to Fibula • Weakest of 3 ligaments • PTF • Posterior • From Talus to Fibula • Strongest/Deepest of 3 ligaments • CF • Anterior • From Calcaneus to Fibula • Largest; Strong and Cord-like

22. ANKLE MUSCLES: LATERAL SIDE • PERONEAL GROUP • 3 muscles (peroneus brevis/longus/tertius) • Muscle group starts @ top of Fibula • Peroneal tendon hooks around the back of Lateral Malleolus • Insertion of Peroneal Tendon is at the base of the 5th foot bone • Major Motion: Eversion of the Foot @ the Ankle

23. ACHILLES TENDON • Large Tendon/Cord from Gastroc. • Inserts firmly at Calcaneus • Largest, Strongest Tendon in Body • Combination of Gastroc and Soleus Tendons ANKLE MUSCLES: POSTERIOR • GASTROCNEMIUS • Muscle starts on distal femur • 1 muscle with two points of origin • Achilles Tendon is other attachment • Crosses two joints Major Motion: Plantarflexion @ the Ankle

24. ANKLE MUSCLES: ANTERIOR SIDE • TIBIALIS ANTERIOR • Muscle starts @ top of Tibia • Tendon crosses over Ankle Joint @ Talus • Attaches at the base of the 1st foot bone • Cross over at joint allows for multiple motions • Major Motion: • Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint • Inversion of the foot • Prevents the forefoot slapping AND scrapping the ground