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Bacterial Classification

Bacterial Classification. Taxonomy and Characteristics. Prokaryotes. Domain Archaea [ancient bacteria] Domain Eubacteria [true bacteria] make up the old Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Most abundant group Widely distributed Oldest organisms. Domain Eukarya. Organelles Plasma membrane

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Bacterial Classification

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  1. Bacterial Classification Taxonomy and Characteristics

  2. Prokaryotes • Domain Archaea [ancient bacteria] • Domain Eubacteria [true bacteria] make up the old Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes • Most abundant group • Widely distributed • Oldest organisms

  3. Domain Eukarya • Organelles • Plasma membrane • Cell wall, if present, made up of polysaccharides • Fungi : chitin • Plants/Algae: cellulose or pectins • Vertebrates: no cell wall

  4. Eukaryotes DNA Membrane, nucleus Multiple chromosomes Associated with histones Organelles Cell Walls Division Sexual: Meiosis Asexual: Mitosis Motility: Flagella whips Prokaryotes DNA Nonmembrane, nucleiod One circular chromosome No histones Organelles Cell Walls: peptidoglycan Division Asexual Binary Fission Snapping Budding Motility: Flagella spins Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

  5. Domain Archaea • Evolved from earliest cells • Methanogens • Largest group • Use CO2 • Extreme environment • Halophiles • Thermophiles • Psychrophiles • Acidophiles • Alkaliphiles

  6. Fungi Molds Yeasts Mushrooms Protista Slime Molds Unicellular Algae Protozoa Plantae Multicellular Algae Mosses Plants Animaliae Insects Worms Sponges Vertebrates Domain Eukarya

  7. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Unicellular = yeast • Multicellular = molds, mushrooms • Hyphae for nutrition from preformed matter • Chitin • Beneficial: decomposers • Pathogenic • Mycology

  8. Fungi: Mushrooms

  9. Fungi: Algae

  10. Fungi: Yeast

  11. Pathogenic Fungi

  12. Protista • Eukaryotic • Unicellular • Lack cell wall • Classified based on movements • Ciliates • Flagellates • Pseudopods • Beneficial: decomposers • Pathogenic

  13. Parasitic Protozoa

  14. Plantae

  15. Animalia

  16. Eubacteria • Prokaryotic • Unicellular • Shapes • Vary in size • Taxonomy: Bergey’s Manual • Low G+C Gram Positive • High G+C Gram Positive • Gram Negative Proteobacteria • Nonpathogenic: environmental contributions • Pathogenic

  17. Bacterial Shapes • Result of Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission • Cross wall divides • Daughter cells +/- separate • Snapping Division • Inner cell wall divides • Daughter cells hinged • Budding • Outgrowth of original cell

  18. Budding

  19. Snapping Division

  20. Binary Fission

  21. Cocci Pairs Chains Tetrads Cubes Clusters Bacillus Separate Pairs Chains Binary Fission Results

  22. Bacterial Shapes

  23. Cocci: Pairs • Division in one plane • Diplococci • Neisseria

  24. Cocci: Chains • Division in 2 Planes • Streptococcus

  25. Cocci: Tetrads • Division in three planes • Micrococcus

  26. Cocci: 8-cell group • Divides in 3 planes • Sarcina

  27. Cocci: Clusters • Division in 3 planes • Staphylococcus

  28. Cocci Summary

  29. Rods: Straight E. coli

  30. Rods: Club-Shaped Corynebacterium

  31. Rods: Branching Actinomyces

  32. Rods: Comma form Vibrio

  33. Rods: Spore Formers

  34. Gram Negative Rod Summary

  35. Gram Positive Rod Summary

  36. Spiral Forms

  37. Pleomorphic

  38. Bacterial Shapes Review

  39. Motility

  40. Low G+C Gram Positive Organisms • Rods • Clostridia • Mycoplasmas • Bacillus • Listeria • Lactobacillus • Cocci • Streptococcus • Enterococcus • Staphylococcus

  41. High G+C Gram Positives • Rods • Corynebacterium • Mycobacterium • Actinomycetes • Actinomyces • Nocardia • Streptomyces Corynebacterium Nocardia M.tb

  42. Gram Negative Alpha Proteobacteria • Pathogenic • Rickettsia • Brucella • Ehrlichia Ehrlichia

  43. Gram Negative Beta Proteobacteria • Pathogenic • Neisseria • Bordetella • Spirillum • Burkholderia

  44. Gram Negative Gamma Proteobacteria • Pathogenic • Legionella • Coxiella • Pseudomonads • Enterobacteriaceae • E. coli • Salmonella • Shigella • Proteus • Yersinia • Enterobacter • Serratia Pseudomonas

  45. Gram Negative Epsilon Proteobacteria • Pathogenic • Campylobacter • Helicobacter Helicobacter Campylobacter

  46. Other Bacteria Chlamydia • Pathogenic • Chlamydia • Spirochetes • Treponema [syphilis] • Borrelia [Lyme ds] Borrelia Treponema

  47. Virus • Acellular • Nucleic acid core • Protein coat • Envelope [+/-] • Modifications • Viroids: RNA virus • Virions : outside host • Prions: proteins

  48. Microbes and the Immune System

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