Star Urogynecology March 2023

2. What is Neurogenic Bladder? The human body is a complex and intricate system that is regulated by various organs and functions. One of these functions is the bladder, which plays a critical role in the elimination of waste from the body. However, sometimes this function can be disrupted due to a medical condition called neurogenic bladder. This condition affects the bladder's ability to store and empty urine properly, leading to various complications. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic bladder.

3. What is Neurogenic Bladder? Neurogenic bladder is a medical condition that affects the bladder's function due to damage to the nerves that control it. This condition is caused by various neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. The damage to the nerves can lead to a disruption in the signals that control the bladder's contraction and relaxation, leading to problems with urine storage and elimination.

4. Symptoms of Neurogenic Bladder: The symptoms of neurogenic bladder can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include: Urinary incontinence: This is the inability to control the release of urine, leading to leakage. 1. Urinary retention: This is the inability to empty the bladder completely, leading to a feeling of fullness and 2. discomfort. Urinary urgency: This is the sudden and intense need to urinate, which can be difficult to control. 3. Frequent urination: This is the need to urinate more often than usual, even if the bladder is not full. 4. Nocturia: This is the need to urinate during the night, which can disrupt sleep. 5. Urinary tract infections: This is a common complication of neurogenic bladder, as the stagnant urine in the 6. bladder can lead to bacterial growth.

5. Causes of Neurogenic Bladder: Neurogenic bladder can be caused by various neurological disorders that affect the nerves that control the bladder's function. Some common causes include: Spinal cord injury: This is the most common cause of neurogenic bladder. Damage to the spinal cord can disrupt 1. the signals that control the bladder's function. Multiple sclerosis: This is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system, incl 2. Stroke: A stroke can damage the brain and affect the nerves that control the bladder. 3. Parkinson's disease: This is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the movement and coordination of the 4. body, including the bladder. Diabetes: Diabetes can damage the nerves that control the bladder, leading to neurogenic bladder. 5.

6. Diagnosis of Neurogenic Bladder: Diagnosing neurogenic bladder involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. The doctor will ask about the patient's symptoms, medical history, and any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the condition. They will also perform a physical examination, including a pelvic exam and neurological exam, to assess the bladder's function.

7. Diagnostic tests may include: Urine tests: These tests can detect the presence of bacteria or other signs of infection. 1. Bladder scan: This test uses ultrasound to measure the amount of urine in the bladder. 2. Urodynamics: This test measures the pressure in the bladder during filling and emptying. 3. Cystoscopy: This test uses a small camera to examine the inside of the bladder. 4. Imaging tests: These tests, such as MRI or CT scan, can help identify any structural abnormalities that may be 5. affecting the bladder's function.

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