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Taxonomy

Taxonomy. Definition Binomial Nomenclature Genus Specific epithet Strains. Classification. Heirarchy Tools – Dichotomous Key. 5 Kingdom Classification. Whittaker 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms 1 Prokaryotic Kingdom, now revised (not detailed enough). Kingdom Protista.

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Taxonomy

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  1. Taxonomy • Definition • Binomial Nomenclature • Genus • Specific epithet • Strains

  2. Classification • Heirarchy • Tools – Dichotomous Key

  3. 5 Kingdom Classification • Whittaker • 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms • 1 Prokaryotic Kingdom, now revised • (not detailed enough)

  4. Kingdom Protista • Single celled, no cell wall • Chemoheterotrophic • Some may photosynthesize (Algae) • Environmental and pathogens

  5. Kingdom Fungi • Single and multi-celled • Chemoheterotrophs • Chitin in cell wall • Spore formers • Many pathogens and decomposers

  6. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular • Photoautotrophs • Metabolites may be used medicinally • Cellulose in cell wall

  7. Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular • Chemoheterotrophs • No cell walls • Develop from zygotes • Parasites and vectors

  8. 3 Domain Classification • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya

  9. Bacteria • Prokaryotic size and cell features • Peptidoglycan in cell wall • 70S ribosomes • Membrane lipids like Euks. • No histones

  10. Archaeans • Prokaryotic size and cell features • No Peptidoglycan in cell wall • 80S ribosomes • Membrane lipid differences • Histone-like proteins • Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles

  11. Evolution • “Tree” versus “Shrub” suggests a community of ancestral cells • Lateral gene transfer • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts • ? Additional gene sequences

  12. Virus Classification • No Kingdoms • Classification characteristics • Nucleic acid • Morphology • All pathogens

  13. Taxonomic Methods • Numerical Taxonomy • Computerized comparison of many genetic characteristics • Genetic Homology • DNA/RNA sequencing • Protein sequencing • PAGE

  14. Taxonomic Methods • Ribosomal gene sequencing • Immunology • Phage typing

  15. Classification Total metabolic and structural detail Reference for new organisms Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Identification Taxonomic key approach Reference for rapidly determining an unknown (e.g. diagnostic work) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Bacterial Taxonomy

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