Media Production

1. Media Production Richard Trombly Contact : Email : richard@trombly.com Wechat and phone: +86 13818837641

2. Introduction • You make the movie through the cinematography - it sounds quite a simple idea, but it was like a huge revelation to me. • And later I thought, I can't think how anyone can become a director without learning the craft of cinematography. • – Nicolas Roeg

3. Terminology • Shot: Basic unit of film production. From when you press “record” to when you stop recording. • Like the individual photos which make up an album

4. Terminology • Framing & Composition: The frame is the picture you see in the viewfinder (or on a monitor). Composition refers to the layout of everything within a picture frame — • When you "frame" a shot, you adjust the camera position and lenses until your shot has the desired composition.

5. Terminology • Transition: Shots are linked (edited) in a sequence to tell a larger story. • Transition is how the editor will join two shots together. • Think transition as you shoot. how every shot will fit in with the ones before and after it. • how the composition of each shot fits together.

6. Terminology • Pan – side to side camera pivot • Truck – side to side movement • Zoom – changing the focal length of the lens to appear to go in our out. • Dolly – to move the camera unit in closer or back away • Tilt – up and down pivot • pedestal – Move camera up or down on the tripod – not tilt. • Crane – move the camera up and down on a large crane or jib

7. Terminology Iris (Exposure)--The Aperture (opening to let light in). A wider iris means more light and a brighter picture, but shallow depth of field. White balance = Adjusting the colors based on the light condition.

8. Terminology Frame rate = How many individual frames are created each second. Shutter speed = How long each individual frame is exposed for Like the shutter in a still camera. Audio - Sound which is recorded to go with the pictures.

9. Planning Most critical Amateurs - Point and shoot Professionals and artists – PLAN and shoot

10. Planning Break down – analysis of a script For Budgeting how much $ and time Scheduling when? Staffing who? Equipment – with what? Locations where? Props Actors

11. Planning Shooting plan The purpose of each shoot/Footage you plan to get The equipment and crew SAFETY considerations Limitations Time Crew Organization Data transfer/backup

12. Planning Shot plan from the script / illustrated script / story board Big budget movies have coverage Think like the editor Have a reason for each shot Overlap shots for editing choices

13. Planning Shot plan from the script / illustrated script / story board Big budget movies have coverage Think like the editor Have a reason for each shot Overlap shots for editing choices

14. Planning Shot plan Make a log of each shot Shoot the critical ones first You may run out of time Groups shots to avoid unnecessary moving of equipment and gear Resetting lights can take hours!!!

15. Camera basics The Principles of Camera and Eye Similar to a camera, the eye is a dark box that has an opening through which light enters and creates an image. In the eye, the opening is called pupil. The pupil is like the aperture in the camera.

16. Camera basics Once the light passes through the pupil, it reaches the retina and optic nerves In a film camera, the retina is equivalent to the film stock. In a video camera, the retina corresponds to the sensor chips.

17. Camera basics Contrast is difference in light levels Eyes can see much more contrast Than a camera can. Too much contrast and part of the frame is “blown out” too bright Or underexposed – too dark

18. Camera basics That is why photography nearly always requires lighting [or shading] To achieve best look Photography Photos -- light graph – draw Drawing with light

19. Camera basics DSLR – digital single lens reflex You see what the lens sees Since 2008 most DSLR cameras have offered a High Definition video recording mode Video cameras – many options

20. Camera basics DSLR – digital single lens reflex You see what the lens sees Since 2008 most DSLR cameras have offered a High Definition video recording mode Video cameras – many options

21. Cinematography basics Rule of Thirds Power points Balance Eyes on the top line On verticals not center Nose room

22. Cinematography basics

23. Cinematography basics Two Shot: This is a shot of two peoples (or other individuals) together. Cut Away (CA): Cutaways are used in the editing process to fill in footage which is different from the main action. B-roll is often used for cut-aways.

24. Cinematography basics Over the Shoulder Shots (OSS) are from behind a person towards their subject. Often framed just behind the ear, *many variations. Tip:Give subject about one third of the frame. Point of View (POV): shot that gives the audience feel of seeing it from the actor's eyes.

25. Cinematography basics Over the Shoulder Shots (OSS) are from behind a person towards their subject. Often framed just behind the ear, *many variations. Tip:Give subject about one third of the frame. Point of View (POV): shot that gives the audience feel of seeing it from the actor's eyes.

26. Cinematography basics Selective Focus: By using a large aperture value (f/1.4, f/2.0) you will be able to create a shallow depth of field. This effectively leaves one part of the frame in focus while blurring others, such as the foreground or background. Rack Focus : change the shallow focus from the foreground to the background or reverse.

27. Cinematography basics White balance

28. Cinematography basics Video formats Compression Storage Data transfer and backups