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Objectives • Introduction • Importance • Factors effecting nutritional needs. • Review : special diets • Review : therapeutic diets
Care of patient – dysphagia ,anorexia , nausea , vomiting . • Procedure – oral, enteral: nasogastric, orogastric . • Feeds • TPN.
Introduction … • It’s a critical part of health and development. • It’s a process by which the body Uses food . • Nutrients from foods and fluids are • used by the body for growth and • all body functions . •
Definition of nutrition …. • Nutrition is the study of nutrients • In food , how the body uses them, and the • Relationship between diet , health , and disease.
Nutrition is a method in which the food is consumed by the organism into the body • and utilizing the nutrients from the food • •
Importance of nutrition …. • Good nutrition aids the immune system . • Proper nutrition provides with energy . • Good nutrition- good mood • Good health . • Proper metabolism and • Nourishment . • A longer life – healthy life .
Age • Gender • Life style • Diet choices • DNA • Medication • Ethnicity , culture and religious practices
Nutritional status …. • It’s the current body status of a person • It expresses a degree to which the physiological needs and the nutrients are met . • Optimal. • Malnutrition. • Deficiency vs overload.
Methods to assess nutritional status ….. • Food intake assessment • Physical assessment • Anthropometric tools • Clinical values
Anthropometric tools.... • Weight assessment . • Height assessment . • BMI. (Most important) • •
Review of special diets.... • Solid • Liquid • Soft •
Care of patient – dysphagia.... • Swallowing disorder . • Difficulty is shallowing .
Care of patient - anorexia ….. • Eating disorder . • Causes people to obsess over their weight leading them to starve to lose weight . • It's a serious psychological disorder.
Care of patient – nausea and vomiting ….. • Nausea : sensation of urge to vomit. • Vomiting : forcible emptying of stomach . • It’s a symptom.
Care of patient with anorexia …... • Drink clear or ice-cold drinks. Eat light, bland foods (such as saltine crackers or plain bread). • Avoid fried, greasy, or sweet foods. •
Do not mix hot and cold foods. • • Drink beverages slowly. • Eat slowly and eat smaller, more frequent •
Avoid activity after eating • • Avoid brushing your teeth after eating • • Choose foods from all the food groups as you can tolerate them to get adequate nutrition • •
MEETING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS: PRINCIPLES • & • EQUIPMENTS, PROCEDURE INDICATIONS...... • Oral nutrition • Enteral nutrition
Oral nutrition : The term 'oral nutrition is used here to denote eating and drinking. • Oral nutrition is the preferred and most palatable method of feeding.
ENTERAL NUTRITION : NASOGASTRIC/ OROGASTRIC Enteral nutrition refers to any method of feeding that uses the gastrointestinal (GD) tract to deliver nutrition and calories.
The term enteral feeding is most often used to mean tube feeding. • Enteral nutrition is indicated for patients who have a functioning GI tract but cannot ingest enough nutrients orally because they are unable or unwilling to take oral feedings. • Nutrition is delivered using a flexible tube inserted through nose, or directly into stomach or small intestine.
Types :- NASOGASTRIC TUBE (NG) 2. OROGASTRIC TUBE (OG)
1. Naso-gastric Feeding A nasogastric tube (NG tube) is a special tube that carries food and medicine to the stomach through the nose. • It can be used for all feedings or for giving a person extra calories,
2 .Oro-gastric tube The same type of tube as a nasogastric tube, the tube is inserted into the mouth, down the throat into the esophagus and rests in the stomach. • This tube can also remain in place for up to two weeks when it must be removed or replaced with a permanent tube. •
Procedures :- 1 . Ng insertion 2 .Ng tube feeding 3.I\o chart 4.Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy
