Clarifying Individual Preferences Appreciating Individual Differences Finding Your Temperament and Type March 30, 2007

1. Clarifying Individual Preferences Appreciating Individual Differences Finding Your Temperament and Type March 30, 2007

2. Agenda Ground Rules and Expectations Introduction to Temperament Introduction to Type Verifying Your Type Session Critique and Close Expectations and Ground Rules (10 min) Introduction to Temperament (50 min) Introduction to Type (90 min) Verifying Type (15 min) Application of Type (10 min) Session Critique and Close (05 min) Total (180 min) Expectations and Ground Rules (10 min) Introduction to Temperament (50 min) Introduction to Type (90 min) Verifying Type (15 min) Application of Type (10 min) Session Critique and Close (05 min) Total (180 min)

3. Ground Rules Temperament and MBTI information will be used to open up opportunities for people rather than limit them. The information should be considered a window, not a box or an excuse. Respect the confidentiality of anything others might share with you today No coercion-reflection not persuasion Session is a mix of participation and presentation. Ask group to add these ground rules to their list.Ask group to add these ground rules to their list.

4. Session Expectations Introduce Yourself What expectations do you have for the session today? Is this your first experience with Temperament and/or MBTI? Chart expectations for use during critique.Chart expectations for use during critique.

5. What Do You See?

6. Now What Do You See?

7. Look Again-What Do You See?

8. One More Time!

9. Each Time the Same Line Drawing Was Shown �and each time something different could be seen. We see cubes when there aren�t any! This drawing is two-dimensional but we see three! Even if the figure is the same, two different people will often see it differently. The transition form one way of seeing to another is brusque; there is a small shock. Even when he or she knows all about them, the viewer can�t easily shift from one form to the other. We are not in total control of the way we see things. The world is on one side, the way of seeing the world on the other. In other words, reality and perception. Credit: De Brabandere, Luc, The Forgotten Half of Change, Dearborn Trade Publishing, 2005

10. Today Is Your Opportunity TO CHANGE THE WAY YOU SEE YOURSELF AND OTHERS� Through the four facet lens of TEMPERAMENT Through the sixteen facet lens of TYPE.

12. Twenty-Five Centuries of DescriptionsFour Patterns of Human Behavior Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, and emotional coldness. Kretschmer is also known for developing a classification system that can be seen as one of the earliest exponents of a constitutional (the total plan or philosophy on which something is constructed) approach. His classification system was based on three main body types: asthenic/leptosomic (thin, small, weak), athletic (muscular, large�boned), and pyknic (stocky, fat). (The athletic category was later combined into the category asthenic/leptosomic.) Each of these body types was associated with certain personality traits and, in a more extreme form, psychopathologies. Kretschmer believed that pyknic persons were friendly, interpersonally dependent, and gregarious. In a more extreme version of these traits, this would mean for example that the obese are predisposed toward manic-depressive illness. Thin types were associated with introversion and timidity. This was seen as a milder form of the negative symptoms exhibited by withdrawn schizophrenics. However, the idea of the association of body types with personality traits is no longer influential in personality theory. Schizoid personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, and emotional coldness. Kretschmer is also known for developing a classification system that can be seen as one of the earliest exponents of a constitutional (the total plan or philosophy on which something is constructed) approach. His classification system was based on three main body types: asthenic/leptosomic (thin, small, weak), athletic (muscular, large�boned), and pyknic (stocky, fat). (The athletic category was later combined into the category asthenic/leptosomic.) Each of these body types was associated with certain personality traits and, in a more extreme form, psychopathologies. Kretschmer believed that pyknic persons were friendly, interpersonally dependent, and gregarious. In a more extreme version of these traits, this would mean for example that the obese are predisposed toward manic-depressive illness. Thin types were associated with introversion and timidity. This was seen as a milder form of the negative symptoms exhibited by withdrawn schizophrenics. However, the idea of the association of body types with personality traits is no longer influential in personality theory.

13. Understanding the Self-Discovery Process Three types of Unconscious The Personal Unconscious Elements forgotten by the individual (keys) Element repressed and then expressed (lyrics you suddenly remember) Elements that have never reached consciousness at all The Cultural Unconscious Comprises the elements that all members of a culture carry in their psyches as a result of experiences and genetic tendencies unique to their group. The Collective Unconscious Themes that spring from deeply human tendencies to organize experience along certain lines. These tendencies are archtypes, and together they make up a generalized human substrate called the collective unconscious. Anne Singer Harris, Living with Paradox, pp. 31-34Three types of Unconscious The Personal Unconscious Elements forgotten by the individual (keys) Element repressed and then expressed (lyrics you suddenly remember) Elements that have never reached consciousness at all The Cultural Unconscious Comprises the elements that all members of a culture carry in their psyches as a result of experiences and genetic tendencies unique to their group. The Collective Unconscious Themes that spring from deeply human tendencies to organize experience along certain lines. These tendencies are archtypes, and together they make up a generalized human substrate called the collective unconscious. Anne Singer Harris, Living with Paradox, pp. 31-34

14. The Nature of Temperament Temperament is Inborn Temperament Remains Constant Temperament Drives Behavior

15. The Nature of Temperament Temperament is Dynamic, Not Static Temperament is Influencing, Not Limiting Temperament is best viewed as a whole pattern, not a cluster of traits

16. �The Self is not only the centre, but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the centre of this totality, just as the ego is the center of consciousness� Collected Works 12, para. 44. Preferences are a dynamic pattern, always open to influence from the environment. We come into the world with a predisposition, our true self, but growth does not stop with the predisposition (this predisposition is sometimes referred to as Temperament). We are free to behave and develop in other ways. We can and do behave in situations in a variety of ways; this is our contextual self. We are also impacted early on by the model of behavior expected by the cultural dynamics into which we are born. The preferences we pick up in this context result in our cultural self. As we grow, the skills we develop, the work and home life we inhabit will further shape preference. This is the adapted self. This may help explain why the instrument by itself is not conclusive-you may respond to questions about your preference from the adapted or contextual self, instead of the true self � the way you are when relaxed and not performing for the world out there. As a result, we need to go beyond simply taking an instrument and do a self-discovery process. Type is a deeply internal construct�only you know what your true self preferences are. �The Self is not only the centre, but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the centre of this totality, just as the ego is the center of consciousness� Collected Works 12, para. 44. Preferences are a dynamic pattern, always open to influence from the environment. We come into the world with a predisposition, our true self, but growth does not stop with the predisposition (this predisposition is sometimes referred to as Temperament). We are free to behave and develop in other ways. We can and do behave in situations in a variety of ways; this is our contextual self. We are also impacted early on by the model of behavior expected by the cultural dynamics into which we are born. The preferences we pick up in this context result in our cultural self. As we grow, the skills we develop, the work and home life we inhabit will further shape preference. This is the adapted self. This may help explain why the instrument by itself is not conclusive-you may respond to questions about your preference from the adapted or contextual self, instead of the true self � the way you are when relaxed and not performing for the world out there. As a result, we need to go beyond simply taking an instrument and do a self-discovery process. Type is a deeply internal construct�only you know what your true self preferences are.

17. The Johari Windowand Temperament Relate the rings on the targets to the Johari Window BEHAVIORS - Frequently noticed by others; taken for granted by self. ABILITIES -Observable by others; sometimes unknown to self VALUES - Often consciously known to self and sometimes inferred by others CORE NEEDS - Often invisible to self and others One of the goals of learning about Temperament is to make the unconscious conscious so one can take responsibility to getting ones needs met.Relate the rings on the targets to the Johari Window BEHAVIORS - Frequently noticed by others; taken for granted by self. ABILITIES -Observable by others; sometimes unknown to self VALUES - Often consciously known to self and sometimes inferred by others CORE NEEDS - Often invisible to self and others One of the goals of learning about Temperament is to make the unconscious conscious so one can take responsibility to getting ones needs met.

22. Exploring Your Temperament Best �Job� Most Satisfying Experience Worst �Job� Least Satisfying Experience Take a few minutes to reflect on yourself. Think of the best �Job� you have ever had. What made it the best? What skills did you use that were most satisfying? What came easily and naturally to you? Now think of the worst �job� you have ever had. What made it the worst? What skills did you have to use that drained your energy? The word �job� is not intended to mean only your nine-to-five workday or career. You can also reflect on projects, volunteer efforts, school, or some other experience. Our temperament pattern will influence which skills we are drawn to develop and which ones we develop more easily. However, we can and do develop skills that go with any temperament. Take a few minutes to reflect on yourself. Think of the best �Job� you have ever had. What made it the best? What skills did you use that were most satisfying? What came easily and naturally to you? Now think of the worst �job� you have ever had. What made it the worst? What skills did you have to use that drained your energy? The word �job� is not intended to mean only your nine-to-five workday or career. You can also reflect on projects, volunteer efforts, school, or some other experience. Our temperament pattern will influence which skills we are drawn to develop and which ones we develop more easily. However, we can and do develop skills that go with any temperament.

23. The Four Temperament Skill Sets Diplomatic Skill Set Build bridges between people Have empathy Strive to unify Use �big picture� to relate seemingly different views Bring vision, gain acceptance Help others find their path Strategic Skill Set Explain contingencies Analyze a situation Relate goals and means Identify �How� to achieve goal Integrate ideas into a plan Implement the vision Coordinate efforts to implement Logistical Skill Set Provide logistic support Provide caretaking attention to get things going Get the right things to the right place at the right time Standardize, establish, and oversee policies and procedures Tactical Skill Set Read the current context, and skillfully manage the situation Effect a desired result Compose and produce just the right result that expresses the inputs of all those concerned Make enlivening presentations Promote and execute actions To identify the temperament themes in the above experiences, read the following four skill sets and see which of the four was (were) used in the best job and which was (were) used in the worst job. See page 8 in Understanding Yourself and Others for a more complete listing of skill sets.To identify the temperament themes in the above experiences, read the following four skill sets and see which of the four was (were) used in the best job and which was (were) used in the worst job. See page 8 in Understanding Yourself and Others for a more complete listing of skill sets.

24. What Fits? IDEALIST TEMPERAMENT Diplomatic Skill Set What fits me� People I know� RATIONAL TEMPERAMENT Strategic Skill Set What fits me� People I know GUARDIAN TEMPERAMENT Logistical Skill Set What fits me� People I know� ARTISAN TEMPERAMENT Tactical Skill Set What fits me� People I know� On the following pages we will provide a snapshot of each of the four temperament patterns. Reflect on your best and worst job experiences and use this worksheet to write down words or phrases that fit you as well as people you known. On the following pages we will provide a snapshot of each of the four temperament patterns. Reflect on your best and worst job experiences and use this worksheet to write down words or phrases that fit you as well as people you known.

26. Abstract vs. Concrete language- the way we tend to think about things and the way we use words If you are more abstract by nature, you will usually think and talk about concepts and patterns, referencing sensory detail as needed. If you are more concrete by nature, you will more often think and talk about tangible realities backed up by sensory observation. Affiliative vs. Pragmatic roles � the way we prefer to interact with others Affiliative roles require that people act in community, with a sense of what is good for the group. Pragmatic roles require that individuals act in accordance with what they see that needs to be done to get the desired result. Structure vs. Motive focus � where we focus our attention when interacting Guardians and Rationals tend to focus more on structure, and Idealists and Artisans tend to focus more on motives. These dynamics are always operating in a situation, and if we become polarized along these dimensions as we interact with others, communication can become extremely difficult. However, we need to remember that we have at least one thing in common with every temperament. Abstract vs. Concrete language- the way we tend to think about things and the way we use words If you are more abstract by nature, you will usually think and talk about concepts and patterns, referencing sensory detail as needed. If you are more concrete by nature, you will more often think and talk about tangible realities backed up by sensory observation. Affiliative vs. Pragmatic roles � the way we prefer to interact with others Affiliative roles require that people act in community, with a sense of what is good for the group. Pragmatic roles require that individuals act in accordance with what they see that needs to be done to get the desired result. Structure vs. Motive focus � where we focus our attention when interacting Guardians and Rationals tend to focus more on structure, and Idealists and Artisans tend to focus more on motives. These dynamics are always operating in a situation, and if we become polarized along these dimensions as we interact with others, communication can become extremely difficult. However, we need to remember that we have at least one thing in common with every temperament.

27. The Temperament Matrix Using what you have learned, rank the temperament patterns from 1 to 4, with 1 being your best-fit temperament.Using what you have learned, rank the temperament patterns from 1 to 4, with 1 being your best-fit temperament.

28. Interaction Styles Also described as Social Styles The Directing style has a time and task focus with a tendency to direct the actions of others in order to accomplish a task in accordance with deadlines, often by either telling or asking. Regarding motivations and process, the Directing style is explicit. The opposite style is Informing, with a motivation and process focus. Using this style, people tend to give information in order to enroll others into the process. When a task needs to be accomplished, the Informing style engages others, describing outcomes and processes that can be used to complete the work. The Initiating style prefers a faster pace. The Responding style prefers a slower pace. Also described as Social Styles The Directing style has a time and task focus with a tendency to direct the actions of others in order to accomplish a task in accordance with deadlines, often by either telling or asking. Regarding motivations and process, the Directing style is explicit. The opposite style is Informing, with a motivation and process focus. Using this style, people tend to give information in order to enroll others into the process. When a task needs to be accomplished, the Informing style engages others, describing outcomes and processes that can be used to complete the work. The Initiating style prefers a faster pace. The Responding style prefers a slower pace.

29. The Matrix w/Interaction Styles and 16 Types

30. A BRIEF GUIDE TO TYPE VERIFYING YOUR MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE

31. Why Spend So Much Time onPersonality Type? Your ability to understand the personalities of the people you work with plays a big part in how quickly and effectively you achieve results. Personality can both enhance and obstruct results in the workplace.

32. Why Spend So Much Time onPersonality Type? Understanding type can positively impact: Communication Motivation Team Work Leadership I

33. Why Spend So Much Time onPersonality Type? �Without consciousness, things go less well. Carl Jung Jung�s typology is a dynamic, systemic approach to a psychology of consciousness that deals with the problem of opposites. His typology centers around the individual�s psyche, defined by Jung to mean all cognitive processes, both conscious and unconscious. Jung�s typology is a dynamic, systemic approach to a psychology of consciousness that deals with the problem of opposites. His typology centers around the individual�s psyche, defined by Jung to mean all cognitive processes, both conscious and unconscious.

34. THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR WAS DEVELOPED BY: Katharine C. Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers In a conversational way you might want to touch on the following points prior to delivering the next foils: Sensing types will need to know that the information will have some practical value Intuitive types will need to see some future benefits and may have had a hard, frustrating time choosing between answers Thinking types can be expected to be skeptical since skepticism is an important aspect of thinking. Acknowledge the skepticism and suggest that they take a �wait and see� attitude Feeling types can sometimes be more concerned with pleasing the facilitator than reporting their own natural style Introverts can be expected to be particularly concerned with privacy issues Participants will need a paper and writing instrument.In a conversational way you might want to touch on the following points prior to delivering the next foils: Sensing types will need to know that the information will have some practical value Intuitive types will need to see some future benefits and may have had a hard, frustrating time choosing between answers Thinking types can be expected to be skeptical since skepticism is an important aspect of thinking. Acknowledge the skepticism and suggest that they take a �wait and see� attitude Feeling types can sometimes be more concerned with pleasing the facilitator than reporting their own natural style Introverts can be expected to be particularly concerned with privacy issues Participants will need a paper and writing instrument.

35. What is the MBTI? A personality inventory developed in 1942 by the mother-daughter collaboration of Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs which is based on C. J. Jung�s theory of psychological types. The most widely used and extensively researched personality tool in the world with more than thirty-three translations including dialects. 60 years of research and development 3 million delivered annually Statistically verifiable An instrument that sorts rather than measures Display the MBTI Manual MBTI is not trait based MBTI does not measure There is no ideal score There are no wrong answers MBTI contains choices between two dichotomous preferences It is a sorting tool; sort is all or nothing-can�t measure strength Item selection: Scales are independent Checked for gender bias in T/F dimension To counter-balance socially desireable responses, logical opposites were replaced w/psychological opposites. Explain that it contains comprehensive reports on: Theory Administration and Interpretation Research The Uses of Type in a variety of settings:Display the MBTI Manual MBTI is not trait based MBTI does not measure There is no ideal score There are no wrong answers MBTI contains choices between two dichotomous preferences It is a sorting tool; sort is all or nothing-can�t measure strength Item selection: Scales are independent Checked for gender bias in T/F dimension To counter-balance socially desireable responses, logical opposites were replaced w/psychological opposites. Explain that it contains comprehensive reports on: Theory Administration and Interpretation Research The Uses of Type in a variety of settings:

36. IT IS BASED ON... C. G. Jung�s �Psychological Types� The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI, is one of the most widely used psychological assessment tools in the world. It was developed by a mother and daughter team (Katherine Briggs = mother (INFJ), Isabelle Briggs-Myers = daughter (INFP)) and is based on the work of the great Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. The essence of Jung's theory is that much of the seemingly random variation in human behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the way individuals prefer to take in information and the way they like to make decisions. There are many applications for this inventory including education, counseling, career guidance, communications, and team development. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI, is one of the most widely used psychological assessment tools in the world. It was developed by a mother and daughter team (Katherine Briggs = mother (INFJ), Isabelle Briggs-Myers = daughter (INFP)) and is based on the work of the great Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. The essence of Jung's theory is that much of the seemingly random variation in human behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the way individuals prefer to take in information and the way they like to make decisions. There are many applications for this inventory including education, counseling, career guidance, communications, and team development.

37. Key Elements of the Theory Jung�s typology explores patterns in cognitive processes, both conscious and unconscious. Cognition is a dynamic self-balancing energy system- a system of interactions among polar opposites. Cognition is continually adapting and responding Mental processes move in and out of consciousness-only one dichotomy can be in consciousness at a time. Only one of the four functions can be in control at a time. The flow of energy and attention (outward or inward) is called attitude. Processes of perception and judgment are called cognitive functions. �The Self is not only the centre, but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the centre of this totality, just as the ego is the center of consciousness� Collected Works 12, para. 44. Self-balancing system When one function is dominant, another becomes auxiliary When one is conscious, another is unconscious�The Self is not only the centre, but also the whole circumference which embraces both conscious and unconscious; it is the centre of this totality, just as the ego is the center of consciousness� Collected Works 12, para. 44. Self-balancing system When one function is dominant, another becomes auxiliary When one is conscious, another is unconscious

38. What the MBTI Reports Write your name here: ______________________________ Write your �self-assessment type� here: ____ ____ ____ ____ Write your MBTI on-line assessment results here: ____ ____ ____ ____ What is your best fit? ____ ____ ____ ____Write your name here: ______________________________ Write your �self-assessment type� here: ____ ____ ____ ____ Write your MBTI on-line assessment results here: ____ ____ ____ ____ What is your best fit? ____ ____ ____ ____

39. THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR REPORTS SOME OF YOUR KEY Preferences Tendencies Characteristics But not all of them �Not everything that counts can be counted; and not everything that can be counted counts.� - Albert Einstein The MBTI reports your preferences on four scales. Each scale represents two opposite preferences. To understand what is meant by preference, I want to do a little demonstration. First write your name on a piece of paper using your dominant, or favorite hand. Now write your name using your other, or non-dominant, hand. You will probably notice a difference. When using your preferred hand, most people don't even think about how to write their name. They just do it. It comes naturally. However, when writing with your "non-preferred" hand you may have experienced some of the following: it took longer, it felt unnatural, you had to consciously think about it, or it was frustrating. In spite of these difficulties the point is that most people can write with both hands, although not equally well. Most of us use both hands all of the time, but we tend to prefer one over the other. � It is the same with your preferences: for each of the four scales, all of us use both preferences at different times, but not both at once and not, in most cases, with equal confidence. So when asked to choose, most people can and do indicate a preference. There is no right or wrong to these preferences. They simply produce different kinds of people who are interested in different things, are drawn to different fields, and occasionally find it challenging to understand each other. The MBTI reports your preferences on four scales. Each scale represents two opposite preferences. To understand what is meant by preference, I want to do a little demonstration. First write your name on a piece of paper using your dominant, or favorite hand. Now write your name using your other, or non-dominant, hand. You will probably notice a difference. When using your preferred hand, most people don't even think about how to write their name. They just do it. It comes naturally. However, when writing with your "non-preferred" hand you may have experienced some of the following: it took longer, it felt unnatural, you had to consciously think about it, or it was frustrating. In spite of these difficulties the point is that most people can write with both hands, although not equally well. Most of us use both hands all of the time, but we tend to prefer one over the other. � It is the same with your preferences: for each of the four scales, all of us use both preferences at different times, but not both at once and not, in most cases, with equal confidence. So when asked to choose, most people can and do indicate a preference. There is no right or wrong to these preferences. They simply produce different kinds of people who are interested in different things, are drawn to different fields, and occasionally find it challenging to understand each other.

40. YOU DECIDE HOW ACCURATE THE REPORT IS FOR YOU �I�ll walk where my own nature would be leading.� - Emily Bronte The premise here is that no questionnaire knows you as well as you know yourself.The premise here is that no questionnaire knows you as well as you know yourself.

41. THE FOUR PREFERENCE SCALES ARE... Extraversion or Introversion Sensing or Intuition Thinking or Feeling Judgment or Perception Energy Where do you prefer to focus your attention? The EI scale E Extroversion (Outer World) I Introversion (Inner World) 46% 54% Men 53% 47% Women Information Gathering How do you acquire information? The SN scale S Sensing (Five senses) N Intuition (6th sense) 72% 28% Men 75% 25% Women Decision Making How do you make decisions? The TF scale T Thinking (Impersonal Analysis) F Feeling (Personal Values) 57% 43% Men 25% 75% Women Lifestyle How do you orient toward the outer world? The JP scale J Judgment (Planned and Organized) P Perception (Spontaneous) 52% 48% Men 56% 44% Women *Percentages are from a national representative sample using a weighted category method to achieve a final sample that matched the 1990 U.S. census on gender and ethnic group.Energy Where do you prefer to focus your attention? The EI scale E Extroversion (Outer World) I Introversion (Inner World) 46% 54% Men 53% 47% Women Information Gathering How do you acquire information? The SN scale S Sensing (Five senses) N Intuition (6th sense) 72% 28% Men 75% 25% Women Decision Making How do you make decisions? The TF scale T Thinking (Impersonal Analysis) F Feeling (Personal Values) 57% 43% Men 25% 75% Women Lifestyle How do you orient toward the outer world? The JP scale J Judgment (Planned and Organized) P Perception (Spontaneous) 52% 48% Men 56% 44% Women *Percentages are from a national representative sample using a weighted category method to achieve a final sample that matched the 1990 U.S. census on gender and ethnic group.

42. MBTI Dichotomies

43. The EI, or energy, scale describes two opposite preferences for where people like to focus their attention: on the outer world of people or their own inner world. This is very different from the common usage of the words extrovert and introvert. It is more than how much one likes to talk or how sociable someone is.The EI, or energy, scale describes two opposite preferences for where people like to focus their attention: on the outer world of people or their own inner world. This is very different from the common usage of the words extrovert and introvert. It is more than how much one likes to talk or how sociable someone is.

44. EXTRAVERSION Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

45. When you are extraverting, you are energized by what goes on in the outer world. When you are introverting you are energized by what is going on in your inner world of thoughts and feelings. When you are extraverting, you are energized by what goes on in the outer world. When you are introverting you are energized by what is going on in your inner world of thoughts and feelings.

46. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

47. Understand that introverts and extroverts both like people, but each enjoy interactions in different ways. Introverts tend to be most at ease in a one-on-one situation or with people that they know. Extroverts on the other hand are at ease in a group and will strike up a conversation with almost anyone. Understand that introverts and extroverts both like people, but each enjoy interactions in different ways. Introverts tend to be most at ease in a one-on-one situation or with people that they know. Extroverts on the other hand are at ease in a group and will strike up a conversation with almost anyone.

48. Often times Es think out loud so what they say LAST is what they mean. I�s tend to think things through before that speak so what they say is most often what they mean. Often times Es think out loud so what they say LAST is what they mean. I�s tend to think things through before that speak so what they say is most often what they mean.

49. Extraverts usually prefer to communicate more by talking than by writing. They remain aware of their environment, maintain their networks, and take action. Introverts tend to be more interested and comfortable when their work requires a good deal of their activity to take place quietly inside their heads. They pay attention to the infrastructure, conceptualize the problem, and look deeply into issues. Extraverts usually prefer to communicate more by talking than by writing. They remain aware of their environment, maintain their networks, and take action. Introverts tend to be more interested and comfortable when their work requires a good deal of their activity to take place quietly inside their heads. They pay attention to the infrastructure, conceptualize the problem, and look deeply into issues.

50. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

51.

52. SOME KEY WORDS Extraversion Active Outward Sociable People Many Expressive Breadth Introversion Reflective Inward Reserved Privacy Few Quiet Depth Magic Question: What�s worse, Frequent interruptions or no interruptions? Magic Question: What�s worse, Frequent interruptions or no interruptions?

53. Think about the end of a day when you have been interacting with people all day long. How do you feel? Energized? Drained? As a test of the validity of the instrument that will soon be given to you, you are asked to choose, E or I?Think about the end of a day when you have been interacting with people all day long. How do you feel? Energized? Drained? As a test of the validity of the instrument that will soon be given to you, you are asked to choose, E or I?

54. EXERCISE: An Introvert has to share an office with an Extravert; what are some things they would both need to keep in mind? Extraverts Introverts Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

55. SENSING AND INTUITIONARE WAYS OF TAKING IN INFORMATION The Sensing Function Takes In Information By Way Of The Five Senses - Sight, Sound, Touch, Taste, And Smell. The Intuiting Function Processes Information By Way Of A �Sixth Sense� Or Insight. The SN, or information gathering, scale describes opposite ways that you perceive or acquire information, how you go about finding out about things. The SN, or information gathering, scale describes opposite ways that you perceive or acquire information, how you go about finding out about things.

56. One way to "find out" is to use your sensing function. Your eyes, ears, and other senses tell you what is actually happening, both inside and outside of yourself. The other way to "find out" is through intuition, which shows you the meanings, relationships, and possibilities that go beyond the information from your senses. Imagine driving down the road at night. Some gather information from what they can see in their headlights, for others the information comes to them from an inner GPS. One way to "find out" is to use your sensing function. Your eyes, ears, and other senses tell you what is actually happening, both inside and outside of yourself. The other way to "find out" is through intuition, which shows you the meanings, relationships, and possibilities that go beyond the information from your senses. Imagine driving down the road at night. Some gather information from what they can see in their headlights, for others the information comes to them from an inner GPS.

57. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

58.

59. Sensing is especially useful for appreciating the realities of a situation. Intuition looks at the big picture and tries to grasp the essential patterns. Sensing is especially useful for appreciating the realities of a situation. Intuition looks at the big picture and tries to grasp the essential patterns.

60. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

62. Sensing types know the facts, understand the planning stages, and work out implementation details. Intuitive types see the big picture, forge into new areas, and develop new possibilities. Sensing types know the facts, understand the planning stages, and work out implementation details. Intuitive types see the big picture, forge into new areas, and develop new possibilities.

63.

64. Magic Question: Which is worse � no sense of the present reality or no sense of future possibilities? Magic Question: Which is worse � no sense of the present reality or no sense of future possibilities?

65. Ask participants to choose, S or N?Ask participants to choose, S or N?

66. Exercise: You want to buy a particular car and need to convince your (partner, spouse, parent) that this one is the best. How would you frame your presentation if you knew that your decision �maker or breaker� is a sensing style individual? How would you frame your presentation if she were an iNtuiting style individual? SENSING INTUITING Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

67. Looking at the TF, or decision-making scale, once you have acquired information through either sensing or intuition you must do something with that information. Information is used to reach conclusions, make decisions, or form opinions. The TF scale describes opposite ways of making decisions or judgments about something. Looking at the TF, or decision-making scale, once you have acquired information through either sensing or intuition you must do something with that information. Information is used to reach conclusions, make decisions, or form opinions. The TF scale describes opposite ways of making decisions or judgments about something.

68. One way to decide is through thinking. Thinking predicts the logical consequences of any particular choice or action. The other way to decide is through feeling. Feeling considers what is important to you or to other people and decides on the basis of person-centered values. One way to decide is through thinking. Thinking predicts the logical consequences of any particular choice or action. The other way to decide is through feeling. Feeling considers what is important to you or to other people and decides on the basis of person-centered values.

69. When you use thinking you decide objectively, on the basis of cause and effect. When you use feeling to make a decision, you ask how much you care, or how much personal investment you have for each of the alternatives. Thinking types discuss issues in a logical way, consider the pros and cons of various alternatives, and spot the inconsistencies in a plan. Feeling types understand what is important to people, acknowledge the human side of decision-making, and help others accept decisions. It is perhaps a bit unfortunate that Jung used thinking and feeling as the terms for our decision-making processes as these words to not do really justice to the subtlety of the concepts. Thinking is so tied to logic, and feeling to emotion, that we have a difficult time avoiding these connotations when discussing type theory. It is important not confuse feeling with emotion; both T and F are very rational decision making processes. When you use thinking you decide objectively, on the basis of cause and effect. When you use feeling to make a decision, you ask how much you care, or how much personal investment you have for each of the alternatives. Thinking types discuss issues in a logical way, consider the pros and cons of various alternatives, and spot the inconsistencies in a plan. Feeling types understand what is important to people, acknowledge the human side of decision-making, and help others accept decisions. It is perhaps a bit unfortunate that Jung used thinking and feeling as the terms for our decision-making processes as these words to not do really justice to the subtlety of the concepts. Thinking is so tied to logic, and feeling to emotion, that we have a difficult time avoiding these connotations when discussing type theory. It is important not confuse feeling with emotion; both T and F are very rational decision making processes.

70. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

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76. Magic Question: Which is harder � working in an environment that lacks logic or an environment that lacks harmony?Magic Question: Which is harder � working in an environment that lacks logic or an environment that lacks harmony?

77. Ask participants to choose, T or F? Ask participants to choose, T or F?

78. Exercise: Your team has won a day-long health spa experience at a world-class resort. The only hitch is that only 12 people can be accommodated, but there are 15 team members. How do you decide who gets to go? THINKING FEELING Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

79. Finally, the JP scale describes the orientation/lifestyle you adopt in dealing with the outer world. The opposites here refer back to the previous two scales. Either you take a primarily judging attitude (thinking or feeling) or a perceptive attitude (sensing or intuition) toward the world. Finally, the JP scale describes the orientation/lifestyle you adopt in dealing with the outer world. The opposites here refer back to the previous two scales. Either you take a primarily judging attitude (thinking or feeling) or a perceptive attitude (sensing or intuition) toward the world.

80. Those who take a judging attitude tend to live in a planned, orderly way. They tend to like to make decisions and come to closure. Those who prefer a perceptive process when dealing with the outer world tend to live in a flexible, spontaneous way. When using your perception, you are gathering information and tend to keep your options open. Those who take a judging attitude tend to live in a planned, orderly way. They tend to like to make decisions and come to closure. Those who prefer a perceptive process when dealing with the outer world tend to live in a flexible, spontaneous way. When using your perception, you are gathering information and tend to keep your options open.

81. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

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83. Judging types generate systems, provide organization, and act with decisiveness. Perceiving types are open to new ideas, provide insight, and react with flexibility if the system breaks down. Judging types generate systems, provide organization, and act with decisiveness. Perceiving types are open to new ideas, provide insight, and react with flexibility if the system breaks down.

84. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

85. It has been said that �Js� are nervous until they decide and that �Ps� get nervous when they decide.It has been said that �Js� are nervous until they decide and that �Ps� get nervous when they decide.

86. Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

87.

88. Magic Question: Which is harder � adhering to a schedule or �winging it�? Magic Question: Which is harder � adhering to a schedule or �winging it�?

89. Ask participants to choose, J or P? Ask participants to choose, J or P?

90. Exercise:You and a colleague are charged with deciding on a color scheme for renovated office walls in a cubicle environment. You have a week before painters get started, and office mates who are concerned about color choices. How would you proceed? JUDGING PERCEIVING Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

91. So what is your type? Now you know the eight possible preferences, two opposites for each of the four scales. Your "type" is the combination and interaction of the preferences that you chose when you completed the MBTI. Each question on the instrument is a forced choice, or vote, for one of two opposites. If we let each preference be represented by its letter, then your type can be shown in shorthand by a four-letter code. For example: (explaining facilitator�s type may be appropriate here). So what is your type? Now you know the eight possible preferences, two opposites for each of the four scales. Your "type" is the combination and interaction of the preferences that you chose when you completed the MBTI. Each question on the instrument is a forced choice, or vote, for one of two opposites. If we let each preference be represented by its letter, then your type can be shown in shorthand by a four-letter code. For example: (explaining facilitator�s type may be appropriate here).

92. The Sixteen Types On page five of your report there is table with a bar chart and number associated with each letter of your type. These numbers show how consistently you chose or voted for one preference over its opposite. High numbers generally mean a clear preference. There is nothing wrong with having a low number, however. It probably just means that for some reason your preference is not clear. It is important to understand that the numbers do not show how developed that preference is, or how well you use that preference. On page five of your report there is table with a bar chart and number associated with each letter of your type. These numbers show how consistently you chose or voted for one preference over its opposite. High numbers generally mean a clear preference. There is nothing wrong with having a low number, however. It probably just means that for some reason your preference is not clear. It is important to understand that the numbers do not show how developed that preference is, or how well you use that preference.

93. Remember, the MBTI measures preferences, not skills and abilities. There is no �best� type. It has been said, �The best type is the type that you are.� � Remember, the MBTI measures preferences, not skills and abilities. There is no �best� type. It has been said, �The best type is the type that you are.� �

94. �Type� Is Helpful in Understanding Yourself and Other People Personal Notes:Personal Notes:

95. Verifying Your Type Two hypothesis Results based on this presentation Results based on instrument You decide which is the best fit for you. Only you know your true preferences and, therefore, only you can say what type you are. By answering the questions on the MBTI, you had the opportunity to indicate your preference. But the indicator is not prefect. By listening to this talk you had another opportunity to indicate your preferences. So it is up to you to decide whether your type, as reported by the MBTI, is accurate. � Before we do that, are there any questions? Refer to MBTI questionnaire results (Hypothesis 2) and tell them to compare these results with those from their self assessment during the slide review. �If results agree, tell them to read the full type description (page 3 of report) to verify that this is the best fit for them. � If results disagree, tell them to read the description for Hypothesis 2 (questionnaire) first then read Hypothesis 1 (foils) and try to select the best fit. When done, be sure to collect questionnaires!Only you know your true preferences and, therefore, only you can say what type you are. By answering the questions on the MBTI, you had the opportunity to indicate your preference. But the indicator is not prefect. By listening to this talk you had another opportunity to indicate your preferences. So it is up to you to decide whether your type, as reported by the MBTI, is accurate. � Before we do that, are there any questions? Refer to MBTI questionnaire results (Hypothesis 2) and tell them to compare these results with those from their self assessment during the slide review. �If results agree, tell them to read the full type description (page 3 of report) to verify that this is the best fit for them. � If results disagree, tell them to read the description for Hypothesis 2 (questionnaire) first then read Hypothesis 1 (foils) and try to select the best fit. When done, be sure to collect questionnaires!

96. Your Folder Contains� Your MBTI Interpretive Report Type-Based Communication Problems Type Keywords and Phrases Cognitive Mismatch-Stretch Yourself Careers that Fit Your Myers-Briggs Type Organizing the 16 Types References The Dynamic Type Table Quick Guide to your Temperament and Type Understanding Yourself and Others-Intro to Temperament

97. All Library MBTI Participants - Type LensN=63 There is a number associated with each letter of your type. These numbers show how consistently you chose or voted for one preference over its opposite. High numbers generally mean a clear preference. There is nothing wrong with having a low number, however. It probably just means that for some reason your preference is not clear. It is important to understand that the numbers do not show how developed that preference is, or how well you use that preference. There is a number associated with each letter of your type. These numbers show how consistently you chose or voted for one preference over its opposite. High numbers generally mean a clear preference. There is nothing wrong with having a low number, however. It probably just means that for some reason your preference is not clear. It is important to understand that the numbers do not show how developed that preference is, or how well you use that preference.

100. Questions?

101. Application of Preferences As a result of this session I will . . . Keeping type in mind, what do you need to do more of? Keeping Type in mind, what do you need to do less of? Where might I begin with my direct reports for maximum, quick, and visible progress? Next steps? Ask participants to take 5 minutes to complete the Action Planning Worksheet in the back of their packet. Ask participants to share a few examples with the group.Ask participants to take 5 minutes to complete the Action Planning Worksheet in the back of their packet. Ask participants to share a few examples with the group.

102. Session Evaluation