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Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) exercise

Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) exercise. Nicolas Moussiopoulos Aristotle University Thessaloniki Further team members: Dick van den Hout, TNO Liana Kalognomou, AUT Steinar Larssen, NILU Frank de Leeuw, RIVM Zissis Samaras, AUT/LAT. Objectives.

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Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) exercise

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  1. Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) exercise Nicolas Moussiopoulos Aristotle University Thessaloniki Further team members: Dick van den Hout, TNO Liana Kalognomou, AUT Steinar Larssen, NILU Frank de Leeuw, RIVM Zissis Samaras, AUT/LAT

  2. Objectives Quantifying the influence of urban and local emissions and other smaller scale effects on concentrations at urban hotspots as a basis for measures for attaining compliance. Development and pilot application of a methodology for this purpose, also with relevance to health issues. TFIAM - Amiens

  3. Activities in 2003 • Review of relevant existing studies (completed) • Methodology for the determination of city and street typologies (cont’d in 2004) • Analysis of excess concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, NO2) at selected traffic air monitoring stations by comparing with the urban background (cont’d in 2004) • Interpretation of the above analysis in terms of local emission estimates(cont’d in 2004) • Demonstration of model application potential (cont’d in 2004) TFIAM - Amiens

  4. Review of relevant existing studies Literature review including objectives and key findings of the most relevant studies and projects in the areas of: • Field campaigns related to source apportionment • Resuspension • Monitoring data analysis and hotspot characteristics • Modelling studies leading to source-receptor relationships • Emission patterns in busy streets and associated key parameters TFIAM - Amiens

  5. First tentative typology Quantification of • Regional background contribution … using EMEP model results • Urban background contribution … setting-up a city typology • Hotspot contribution … setting-up a street typology TFIAM - Amiens

  6. Towards a city typology Key parameters: • Population (continuous) • Region and local climate: • enclosed / open • West/North; Central; South • Type of predominant emission sources: • major industry • no major industry TFIAM - Amiens

  7. Towards a street typology Key parameters: • Street emission (continuous) • Average wind speed nearby: •  3.5 m/s • > 3.5 m/s • Configuration: • Open rural terrain • Non-canyon streets in built-up areas • Wide street canyon (W/H > 1.5) • Narrow street canyon (W/H 1.5) TFIAM - Amiens

  8. 25 20 15 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 Type C1a Urban background concentrations Type C1b Type C2a 1.80 Type C2b Type C3a Type C3b Type C4a concentration Urban background Type C4b Type C5a 0.00 Type C5b 0 800000 Type C6a Population Type C6b Type S1a Street concentrations Type S1b Type S2a 1000.00 Type S2b Type S3a Type S3b Type S4a Type S4b Street concentration 0.00 0 800000 Street emission Illustration City typology defining f(pop) Street typology defining g(emi) TFIAM - Amiens

  9. From concentrations to SECs Concentration in a street of j-th type in a city of i-th type: c(Ci,Sj) = cRBG + fi(pop) + gj(emi) Street emission ceiling for this street: SECij = Gj(cLV – [cRBG + fi(pop)]) TFIAM - Amiens

  10. Analysis of excess concentrations The aim of this subtask is to: • contribute to knowledge of (relative) emission factors for vehicles, by comparing PM and NOx concentrations, a.f.o. vehicle distribution in traffic • contribute to analysis of the road dust resuspension source, by comparing PM2.5, PM10 and NOx concentrations, together with meteo data • provide a basis for model-measurement comparisons / model validation. TFIAM - Amiens

  11. Analysis of excess concentrations • Select station pairs • deltaC (hotspot – urban background), • time of day • weekend/working day • season • compare deltaC at the various stations, • Concentration ratios • explain differences in terms of traffic, meteo,strength of resuspension source,.. TFIAM - Amiens

  12. Progress of data analysis Up to now 6 stations pairs have been analysed: • Hornsgatan, Stockholm • Frankfurter Allee, Berlin • Marylebone Road, London • Ermou,Thessaloniki • Skårersletta, Oslo • Vrsovice, Prague Other possible candidates: • Madrid (though traffic data is still not available) • Paris (as above) • Copenhagen (in collaboration with NERI) • Helsinki TFIAM - Amiens

  13. Hornsgatan, Stockholm TFIAM - Amiens

  14. Frankfurter Allee, Berlin TFIAM - Amiens

  15. Marylebone road, London TFIAM - Amiens

  16. Hornsgatan, Delta-ratios summary Red columns: workdays, Blue columns: weekend days TFIAM - Amiens

  17. Frankfurter Allee, Delta-ratios summary Red columns: workdays, Blue columns: weekend days TFIAM - Amiens

  18. Marylebone road, Delta-ratios summary Red columns: workdays, Blue columns: weekend days TFIAM - Amiens

  19. Hornsgatan, Stockholm PM2.5/NOx ratios for monthly and hourly data TFIAM - Amiens

  20. Marylebone road, London PM2.5/NOx ratios for monthly and hourly data TFIAM - Amiens

  21. Model application • Generalisation method, basis for typology • Validation using the data analysis results • Preference to practical approaches • Expansion to more models and more cities • Model intercomparison (Garmisch conference) TFIAM - Amiens

  22. SEC Model Intercomparison • A pilot intercomparison exercise was launched, results of which will be presented on June 3 at the 9th Harmonisation Conference, Garmisch. • 15 participants • Simulations to be performed for the case Hornsgatan, Stockholm for: • the whole year, • one day (27.11.2000) or • one hour (hour 10 of 27.11.2000), depending on the type of model that is chosen for the application. Deadline for the receipt of model results is 15 May. TFIAM - Amiens

  23. ETC’s own model applications Hornsgatan, Stockholm • OSPM using observed background concentrations. Frankfurter Allee, Berlin • OSPM using observed background concentrations. Marylebone road, London • OSPM using observed background concentrations & • Complete model cascade, i.e. City Delta OFIS model results used as urban background concentrations for OSPM. TFIAM - Amiens

  24. Hornsgatan, Stockholm, average daily variation NO2 and PM2.5obs (OSPM) TFIAM - Amiens

  25. Frankfurter Allee, Berlin NOx, NO2, COand PM10 obs (OSPM) TFIAM - Amiens

  26. NO NO x 2 80 200 ) 3 ) 3 150 60 100 40 concentration (μg/m concentration (μg/m 50 20 0 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC monitoring OSPM background monitoring OSPM background CO PM 10 1.5 80 ) 70 3 ) 3 60 1.0 50 concentration (μg/m concentration (μg/m 40 0.5 30 20 10 0.0 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC monitoring OSPM monitoring OSPM background Frankfurter Allee, Berlin, monthly variation NOx, NO2, CO and PM10 obs (OSPM) background TFIAM - Amiens

  27. Marylebone road, average daily variation NOx, NO2, O3 and CO obs (OSPM) TFIAM - Amiens

  28. Marylebone road, NOx, NO2, O3 and CO obs (OSPM) - monthly TFIAM - Amiens

  29. Model cascade • Urban and street scale model coupling using model results for the urban background as input to the street scale model and considering the local scale emissions estimates. TFIAM - Amiens

  30. OFIS results - comparison with observed data O3 NO2 TFIAM - Amiens

  31. NO NO 2 x 130 700 120 600 110 ) 100 3 ) 500 3 90 80 400 70 Concentrations (μg/m Concentrations (μg/m 60 300 50 40 200 30 100 20 10 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 hours 0 5 10 hours 15 20 25 monitoring OSPM OFIS monitoring OSPM OFIS CO 3,5 3,0 ) 3 2,5 2,0 Concentrations (mg/m 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 0 5 10 hours 15 20 25 monitoring OSPM OFIS Marylebone road, NOx, NO2, CO and PM10 mod (OFIS & OSPM) – hourly TFIAM - Amiens

  32. NO NO 2 x 600 120 ) ) 3 3 500 100 400 80 concentration (μg/m 300 60 concentration (μg/m 200 40 100 20 0 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC monitoring OSPM OFIS monitoring OSPM OFIS CO 3,0 ) 2,5 3 2,0 1,5 concentration (mg/m 1,0 0,5 0,0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC monitoring OSPM OFIS Marylebone road, NOx, NO2, CO and PM10 mod (OFIS & OSPM) – monthly TFIAM - Amiens

  33. Actions in 2004 (1/2) • Proceed with typology (in particular, using model results within SEC) • Perform a global analysis of measured data • Continue and finalise data analysis concentrating on city delta cities • Continue and finalise interpretation of data analysis results based on emission estimations concentrating on City Delta cities • Incorporate findings of City Delta in SEC TFIAM - Amiens

  34. Actions in 2004 (2/2) • Expand model application to more model suites (outside the ETC) and more cities • Launch model intercomparison (on the occasion of the Garmisch conference), investigate option of JRC involvement • Provide input to SoER by suggesting how the street scale could be taken into account in the IA methodology • Interact with various stakeholders TFIAM - Amiens

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