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Taking on Segregation

Taking on Segregation. Ch 29 Sect 1 Pg 906. Plessy V. Ferguson. Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” did not violate the 14 th amendment. States passed Jim Crow laws to separate the races. Laws forbade marriage between blacks & whites.

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Taking on Segregation

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  1. Taking on Segregation Ch 29 Sect 1 Pg 906

  2. Plessy V. Ferguson • Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” did not violate the 14th amendment. • States passed Jim Crow laws to separate the races. • Laws forbade marriage between blacks & whites. • Separate and inferior facilities for blacks including schools, streetcars, restrooms, ect.

  3. Segregation Continues • Some African Americans tried to escape segregation by moving north. • Racial prejudice and segregation existed there as well. • All black neighborhoods • Whites resented competition for jobs

  4. Developing Civil Rights Movement • WWII set the stage for the Civil Rights Movement • Demand for soldiers created jobs for African Americans in the industrial sector. • African Americans served in the armed forces. • Civil rights organizations campaigned for black voting rights. • FDR issued a Presidential directive prohibiting racial discrimination by federal agencies & companies doing work for the war.

  5. NAACP • Charles Houston was the chief legal counsel for the NAACP. • Focused on the inequality b/w the separate schools. • Thurgood Marshall • Morgan v. Virginia – Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional laws that mandated segregated seats on interstate buses.

  6. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas • Linda Brown was denied entrance to an all white school 4 blocks from her home. • The closest all black school was 21 blocks away. • Supreme Court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. • Violated the 14th amendment

  7. Resistance to School Desegregation • Whites resisted desegregation • KKK reappeared and White Citizen Councils boycotted businesses that supported desegregation. • In 1955, Supreme Court handed down Brown II ordered school desegregation implemented w/ speed.

  8. Boycotting Segregation • Dec. 1, 1955 Rosa Parks a seamstress & NAACP officer sat down in the black section of a bus. • As the bus filled, Parks was asked to move to let a white man sit down. • She refused and was arrested. • News spread quickly of her arrest. • NAACP leader E.D. Nixon suggested a bus boycott.

  9. Boycotting Segregation • Formed the Montgomery Improvement Association to organize the boycott. • Elected Martin Luther King Jr. to lead the group. • For 381 days blacks did not ride the buses • African Americans found other means of transportation. • Support came from • Black community • NAACP • United Auto Workers • Jewish Communities • Sympathetic southern whites

  10. Martin Luther King • King called his brand of nonviolence “soul force” • Based ideas on • Jesus – love one’s enemies • Henry David Thoreau – civil disobedience (reuse to obey unjust laws) • A. Philip Randolph – organize massive demonstrations • Mohandas Gandhi – resist oppression w/ nonviolence

  11. From the Grassroots Up • Founded Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Purpose – to carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship. • SCLC planned to stage protests and demonstrations throughout the south. • Won the support of ordinary African Americans of all ages.

  12. From the Grassroots Up • Ella Baker had served w/ NAACP and organized SCLC. • Used her contacts to set up branches of the SCLC in southern cities. • Helped students as Shaw University in North Carolina to organize protest group Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee or SNCC. “Snick” • Viewed the change as too slow.

  13. Demonstrating for Freedom • Sit-ins – African American protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters & refused to leave until served. • Blacks from colleges in North Carolina staged a sit-in in Greensboro, NC. • Television coverage sparked many other sit-ins across the South & spread to the North. • Endured much violence

  14. Answer the following • How did the Plessy v. Ferguson case legalize segregation? • What world event inspired African Americans to fight for civil rights at home? • What issues did the NAACP use to challenge the Plessy decision? • How did Thurgood Marshall help advance the cause of civil rights? • How did the Supreme Court issue a second ruling enforcing the Brown decision? • What caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott? • How did the boycott end? • Who inspired Martin Luther King Jr.? • How did young people respond to King’s leadership? • What was SNCC? • How did the Congress of Racial Equality influence SNCC? • How did sit-ins advance the cause of the civil rights movement?

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